Chronotype is associated with psychological well-being depending on the composition of the study sample

Dimitrov, Annika; Veer, Ilya M.; Kleeblatt, Julia; Seyfarth, Florian; Roenneberg, Till; Ising, Marcus; Uhr, Manfred; Keck, Martin E.; Kramer, Achim; Berger, M; Koch, Lara von; Walter, Henrik; Adli, Mazda

doi:10.1177/1359105317751618

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This poor sleep is a result of misalignment of preferred daily rhythms and external constraints, such as school and work schedules. This is in keeping with findings such as those of Dimitrov et al (2018) where depressive mood was associated with sleep midpoint on work/ school days but not on days where participants had more control over their schedule (i.e. weekends and holidays).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students

Bradford

Biello

Russell

2021

Chronobiology International

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Chronotype describes a person's general preference for mornings, evenings, or neither. It is typically conceptualized as a continuous unidimensional spectrum from morningness to eveningness. Eveningness is associated with poorer outcomes across a myriad of physical and mental health outcomes. This preference for later sleep and wake times is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in both clinical and community samples. However, the mechanisms underlying the negative consequences of this preference for evenings are not fully understood. Previous research has found that sleep disturbances may act as a mediator of this relationship. The present study aimed to explore the associations between chronotype and affective outcomes in a sample of students. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the potential role of insomnia as a mediator within these relationships. Participants (n = 190) completed an anonymous self-report survey of validated measures online which assessed chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and a range of affective outcomes (defeat, entrapment, suicide risk, stress, and depressive and anxious symptomology). Eveningness was associated with more severe or frequent experiences of these outcomes, with participants that demonstrated a preference for eveningness more likely to report poorer affective functioning and increased psychological distress. Mediation analysis found the relationship between chronotype and these outcome measures was completely or partially mediated by insomnia symptom severity measured by the validated Sleep Condition Indicator insomnia scale. Taken together, these findings add further evidence for the negative consequences of increased eveningness. Additionally, our results show that chronotype and sleep disturbances should be considered when assessing mental well-being. Implementing appropriate sleep-related behavior change or schedule alterations can offer a tool for mitigation or prevention of psychological distress in students that report a preference for later sleep and wake times.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students

Bradford

Biello

Russell

2021

Chronobiology International

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“…As we did not find associations with MSF and MSF and MSFsc were previously found to be highly correlated in the NESDA sample (r = 0.91; Antypa et al, ), we did not expect to find different results in our analysis and the conclusions would not change. Nevertheless, the overall chronotype (early, intermediate, and late chronotype) across a sample may influence any correlational associations leading to inconsistent associations with psychopathology (Dimitrov et al, ). It should also be noted that the self‐reported questionnaires and the actigraphy measurement did not capture the same time period; questionnaires were filled out before actigraphy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, circadian rhythm, and physical activity patterns in depressive and anxiety disorders: A 2‐week ambulatory assessment study

et al. 2019

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Background Actigraphy may provide a more valid assessment of sleep, circadian rhythm (CR), and physical activity (PA) than self‐reported questionnaires, but has not been used widely to study the association with depression/anxiety and their clinical characteristics. Methods Fourteen‐day actigraphy data of 359 participants with current (n = 93), remitted (n = 176), or no (n = 90) composite international diagnostic interview depression/anxiety diagnoses were obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Objective estimates included sleep duration (SD), sleep efficiency, relative amplitude (RA) between day‐time and night‐time activity, mid sleep on free days (MSF), gross motor activity (GMA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA). Self‐reported measures included insomnia rating scale, SD, MSF, metabolic equivalent total, and MVPA. Results Compared to controls, individuals with current depression/anxiety had a significantly different objective, but not self‐reported, PA and CR: lower GMA (23.83 vs. 27.4 milli‐gravity/day, p = .022), lower MVPA (35.32 vs. 47.64 min/day, p = .023), lower RA (0.82 vs. 0.83, p = .033). In contrast, self‐reported, but not objective, sleep differed between people with current depression/anxiety compared to those without current disorders; people with current depression/anxiety reported both shorter and longer SD and more insomnia. More depressive/anxiety symptoms and number of depressive/anxiety diagnoses were associated with larger disturbances of the actigraphy measures. Conclusion Actigraphy provides ecologically valid information on sleep, CR, and PA that enhances data from self‐reported questionnaires. As those with more severe or comorbid forms showed the lowest PA and most CR disruptions, the potential for adjunctive behavioral and chronotherapy interventions should be explored, as well as the potential of actigraphy to monitor treatment response to such interventions.

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“…Although CT has a genetic basis, it is also influenced by environmental, biological and social factors [1,[6][7][8]. Epidemiological studies demonstrate a normal distribution of CT in the population [3,9] and several tools may be used to determine CTs, ranging from questionnaires to hormonal measures [5,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Chronotype and Nutritional, Clinical and Sociobehavioral Characteristics of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil

et al. 2021

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Chronotype (CT) has been associated with predisposition to chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the effects of CT on individuals assisted by public health systems (PHSs) in middle-up economies are still poorly explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CT and clinical, sociobehavioral and nutritional aspects in adults assisted by a PHS in Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 380 individuals, selected through probabilistic sampling by clusters, in all health units in a city of approximately 100 thousand inhabitants. Data collection was performed during home visits, by means of general and nutritional interviews, anthropometric measurements and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Statistical analysis comprised chi-square test and principal component analysis (CPA) followed by Fisher’s discriminant analysis to determine aspects associated with each CT (morning, evening or intermediate). With the aim of explaining the variation in the CT scores, the consumption of micronutrients (corrected to the total energy intake) and other individual and sociodemographic variables were used as explanatory factors in the adjustment of a linear regression model. The morning group was characterized by older men, with less than eight years of schooling, with low body mass index (BMI) and with low intake of omega-6, omega-3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin. The evening group, on the other hand, was composed of younger individuals, with a high consumption of these same nutrients, with high BMI and a higher frequency of heart diseases (p < 0.05). It was concluded that most morning CT individuals were elderly thin males with lower consumption of omega-6 and -3, sodium, zinc, thiamine, pyridoxine and niacin, whereas evening individuals were younger, had higher BMI and had higher consumption of the studied micronutrients. The identification of circadian and behavioral risk groups can help to provide preventive and multidisciplinary health promotion measures.

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Chronotype is associated with psychological well-being depending on the composition of the study sample

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students

Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students

Sleep, circadian rhythm, and physical activity patterns in depressive and anxiety disorders: A 2‐week ambulatory assessment study

Association between Chronotype and Nutritional, Clinical and Sociobehavioral Characteristics of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil

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