Chronotherapy of cancer: a major drug-deliver challenge

Chronotherapy: a noteworthy focal point in the treatment of cancer?

“…Decreased melatonin production at night may augment cancer risk by its direct interaction with oestrogen receptors and modulation of cell cycle progression and immune variables (Hardeland et al 2011). Moreover, the annual and daily prolactin rhythms flatter in women who are susceptible to develop breast cancer (Hrushesky et al 1992). Disordered cortisol and sleep-wake rhythms evidenced in breast and colorectal patients envisage premature mortality correspondingly (Sephton et al 2013).…”

“…In slow-growing tumours, significant rhythms are detected, whereas fast-growing tumours do not have detectable rhythms (Hrushesky et al 1992). Radiation induced mucositis and dermatitis observed in cancer patients (attributable to radioresistant S phase acrophase) could be minimized by cetuximab treatment at appropriate times to maximize the therapeutic efficacy (Shukla et al 2011).…”

“…In animals, carcinogenesis is dependent upon the circadian timing of carcinogen application, whilst the interruption of the pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary-temporal balance is known to increase the frequency of breast cancer development (Hrushesky et al 1992). The association of mice rendered to chronic jet lag and carcinogen (diethylnitrosoamine) revelation points out that circadian clock dynamically is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis (Filipski et al 2009).…”

Biological Rhythms

“…Numerous studies show that shift workers have a higher incidence of cancer (Conlon, Lightfoot, & Kreiger, 2007;Hansen, 2006;Kubo et al, 2006;O ' Leary et al, 2006;Patel, 2006), diabetes (Karlsson, Alfredsson, Knutsson, Andersson, & Toren, 2005;Morikawa et al, 2005;Poole, Wright, & Nattrass, 1992;Robinson, Yateman, Protopapa, & Bush, 1990;Sanborn, Currie, & Bailey, 1982), ulcers (Costa, 1996;Koda et al, 2000;Kolmodin -Hedman & Swensson, 1975;Segawa et al, 1987), hypertension and cardiovascular disease (Alstadhaug, Salvesen, & Bekkelund, 2005;Costa, 1996;Hwang & Lee, 2005;Kivimaki et al, 2006;Wolk, Gami, Garcia -Touchard, & Somers, 2005), psychological disorders (Bildt & Michelsen, 2002;De Koninck, 1991;Leonard, Fanning, Attwood, & Buckley, 1998;Munakata et al, 2001;Skipper, Jung, & Coffey, 1990;Venuta, Barzaghi, Cavalieri, Gamberoni, & Guaraldi, 1999), and a host of other clinical issues. In fact, just changing the time of day during which cancer chemotherapy is administered can nearly double the chances of survival in patients suffering from cancers with an estimated 30% to 40% 5 -year survival rate, including childhood leukemia and colorectal carcinomas (Hrushesky, 1990(Hrushesky, , 1993(Hrushesky, , 1995Kanabrocki et al, 2006;Lee & Balick, 2006;Levi, 1987Levi, , 1994Levi, , 2001…”

Wireless programmable electrochemical drug delivery micropump with fully integrated electrochemical dosing sensors

“…While certain chronic conditions, such as drug addiction and menopause, have associated static therapeutic windows and may be treated with constant drug administration (Bruguerolle and Labrecque 2007), most chronic conditions have chronobiological pattern in their pathogenesis (Halberg et al 1973;Hrushesky 1990;Halberg et al 1992;Lis et al 2003;Youan 2004). More importantly, drug dosing affects the therapeutic window.…”