AimsTo compare the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) 800/200 mg administered once daily in the morning compared with the evening.
MethodsThis was a randomized, two-way, cross-over study in HIV + subjects. In each subject the pharmacokinetics of each drug were characterized after 2 weeks of LPV/r 800/ 200 mg administered once daily at 08.00 h and 19.00 h. On study days, LPV/r was taken with a standardized meal (800 kCal, 25% from fat) after fasting for at least 5 h. LPV/r concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS, and the data were analyzed by noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.
ResultsFourteen subjects completed the study (all men, mean age/weight 44 year/81 kg). The median (interquartile range) LPV AUC(0,24 h), maximum plasma concentration ( C max ) and concentration at the end of the dosing interval ( C 24 h ) after am and pm dosing was, respectively, 143 (116-214) mg l -1 h, 12.8 (10.3-17.2) mg l -1 , 1.34 (0.58-3.25) mg l -1 , and 171 (120-232) mg l -1 h, 12.9 (8.22-16.3) mg l -1 , 1.15 (0.59-1.98) mg l -1 . The geometric mean ratio (GMR, am : pm) and 95% CI of the LPV AUC(0,24 h), C max , and C 24 h was 0.91 (0.79, 1.06), 1.11 (0.94, 1.32), and 1.19 (0.72, 1.96), respectively. The median ritonavir C max after am and pm dosing was 1.05 and 0.90 mg l -1 , respectively. The GMR (95% CI) of the RTV AUC(0,24 h), C max , and C 24 h was 0.93 (0.80, 1.08), 1.27 (1.00, 1.63), and 1.04 (0.68, 1.60), respectively. Administration of LPV/r in a once-daily regimen was generally well tolerated.
ConclusionsNo differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of LPV/r after am or pm dosing with food, which suggests that this once daily combination, can be taken in the morning or evening. Such flexibility in dosing may improve adherence.