Chrononutrition during Pregnancy: A Review on Maternal Night-Time Eating

Loy, See Ling; Loo, Rachael Si Xuan; Godfrey, Keith M.; Chong, Yap‐Seng; Tan, Kok Hian; Chong, Mary Foong‐Fong; Chan, Jerry Kok Yen; Yap, Fabian

doi:10.3390/nu12092783

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…Given the potential role of emotion acting as a confounder or mediator in the association between nocturnal behaviours and sleep quality, we further adjusted it in the model. These covariates were identified from the literature review [ 5 , 31 , 32 ] and based on the directed acyclic graph. We subsequently tested interactions between nocturnal behaviour and pre-pregnancy BMI on sleep quality, by introducing each of the cross-product terms of nocturnal behaviour and BMI into the fully adjusted models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal Lifestyle Behaviours and Risk of Poor Sleep during Pregnancy

Loo

Tiong

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The extent to which lifestyle practices at night influence sleep quality in pregnant women remains unknown. This study aimed to examine whether nocturnal behaviours were associated with poor sleep during pregnancy. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of pregnant women at 18–24 gestation weeks recruited from KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, between 2019 and 2021. Nocturnal behaviours were assessed with questionnaires, and sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) with a global score ≥5 indicative of poor sleep quality. Modified Poisson regression and linear regression were used to examine the association between nocturnal behaviour and sleep quality. Of 299 women, 117 (39.1%) experienced poor sleep. In the covariate-adjusted analysis, poor sleep was observed in women with nocturnal eating (risk ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12, 2.04) and nocturnal artificial light exposure (1.63; 1.24, 2.13). Similarly, nocturnal eating (β 0.68; 95% CI 0.03, 1.32) and light exposure (1.99; 1.04, 2.94) were associated with higher PSQI score. Nocturnal physical activity and screen viewing before bedtime were not associated with sleep quality. In conclusion, reducing nocturnal eating and light exposure at night could potentially improve sleep in pregnancy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal Lifestyle Behaviours and Risk of Poor Sleep during Pregnancy

Loo

Tiong

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Figure 2 shows the description of each component in the 6P. These components were determined from common dietary and lifestyle issues related to weight gain and BMI in the local population, including excessive carbohydrate intake, lack of dietary fiber intake, regular fast-food intake, unhealthy snack and sweetened beverage intake, predominantly night-time eating, and sedentary behavior [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Defining Scope Structure and Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 46 women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 , between 21 and 45 years of age, and planning to conceive were recruited during the preconception period, while 27 women were not eligible or declined to participate (Figure S1). The mean age was 33…”

Section: Characteristics Of Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of a Lifestyle Behavior Tool in Overweight and Obese Women through Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

Loo

Lim

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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There is a paucity of effective intervention tools for overweight/obese women to assess, guide and monitor their eating behavior. This study aimed to develop a lifestyle intervention tool, assess its acceptability and usefulness, and verify its construct validity in overweight/obese women. The 6P tool (Portion, Proportion, Pleasure, Phase, Physicality, Psychology) was developed and 15 women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were interviewed to assess its perceived acceptability and usefulness. Subsequently, the revised 6P tool was tested in 46 women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short (IPAQ), and weight were measured at baseline and one-month. Most participants were satisfied with the presentation of the 6P tool (86.8%), and agreed it was useful in guiding healthy eating (81.6%) and raising awareness of eating behavior (97.4%). There were significant improvements in cognitive restraint (p = 0.010) and disinhibition (p = 0.030) (TFEQ), portion size (P1), pleasure behaviors (P3), and total composite 6P score (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant reduction in weight or increase in physical activity. The 6P tool is acceptable and presents with good validity for assessing lifestyle behaviors.

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“…Although evidence suggests that food intake patterns may be influenced by the physiological and behavioral demands of pregnancy and postpartum [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], few studies have examined the relationship of food intake patterns with diet quality or energy intake during this developmental period. Among the few studies of food intake patterns in pregnant and postpartum women, relations of meal frequency with total energy intake have been inconsistent [ 38 , 39 , 40 ], and findings of an inverse association of late-night eating with energy intake [ 41 ] and a positive association of meal skipping with diet quality [ 42 ] are contrary to findings in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake

et al. 2022

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This study investigates the relationship between meal-specific eating patterns during pregnancy and postpartum with maternal diet quality and energy intake. Participants in a prospective cohort study completed 24-h dietary recalls three times throughout both pregnancy and 1 year postpartum (n = 420). Linear regressions estimated the associations of eating frequency (number of daily main meals and eating occasions), meal and energy regularity (meal skipping and variation of daily energy intake), and intake timing patterns (distribution of energy intake throughout the day, derived using principal component analysis) with daily energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated daily and overall, across both pregnancy and postpartum). Eating frequency was positively associated with energy intake and daily diet quality. Irregular meals were associated with lower energy intake in pregnancy but not postpartum and with lower pregnancy and postpartum diet quality. Energy irregularity was not associated with energy intake or diet quality. Higher postpartum diet quality was associated with a morning energy intake pattern (versus late morning/early afternoon or evening). Differences in these associations between pregnancy and postpartum suggest that efforts to support optimal energy intake and diet quality by modifying eating patterns may require specific strategies for pregnancy and postpartum.

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Chrononutrition during Pregnancy: A Review on Maternal Night-Time Eating

Cited by 23 publications

References 85 publications

Nocturnal Lifestyle Behaviours and Risk of Poor Sleep during Pregnancy

Nocturnal Lifestyle Behaviours and Risk of Poor Sleep during Pregnancy

Development and Validation of a Lifestyle Behavior Tool in Overweight and Obese Women through Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

Eating Patterns during Pregnancy and Postpartum and Their Association with Diet Quality and Energy Intake

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