Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland

Eiríksson, Jón; Knudsen, Karen Luise; Haflidason, Haflidi; Heinemeier, Jan

doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200009)15:6<573::aid-jqs554>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 137 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One cause might have been the outbreak of the Hekla volcano in Iceland (Baker et al 1995;Yurco 1999;Eiríksson et al 2000). Glaciers expanded again (Holzhauser et al 2005) and alpine farming was abandoned (Mandl 2009).…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

The Origin and Development of the Central European Man-made Landscape, Habitat and Species Diversity as Affected by Climate and its Changes – a Review

Poschlod¹

2015

IANSA

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supporting

confidence: 54%

The Origin and Development of the Central European Man-made Landscape, Habitat and Species Diversity as Affected by Climate and its Changes – a Review

Poschlod¹

2015

IANSA

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“…The DOM-2-Sluggan tephra, for instance, enables the comparison of profiles within the medieval warm period (MWP), the time of first settlement phases in Iceland. Hekla 3 tephra was erupted during times of significant environmental changes, as seen in marine sediment cores (Eiriksson et al, 2000b) and reduced tree-ring growth in Irish oaks (Baillie and Munro, 1988). Hekla 3 tephra and microlite tephra bracket the change from Sub-boreal to Subatlantic climate in northern Germany (Bogaard et al, submitted).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Linking the North Atlantic to central Europe: a high‐resolution Holocene tephrochronological record from northern Germany

Bogaard¹,

Schmincke²

2002

J Quaternary Science

105

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A high-resolution Holocene tephrochronology for northern Germany has been established based on systematic tephrostratigraphical analysis of three peat bogs. Microscopic volcanic ash layers have been traced and characterised petrographically and by the chemical composition of the glass shards. At least 37 ash horizons representing 16 different explosive volcanic eruptions have been identified and many can be correlated between the three sites, up to 100 km apart. The tephra layers can be related to Icelandic volcanic sources and some correlated to the eruptions of Askja 1875, Hekla 3, Hekla Selsund, Hekla 4 and Hekla 5, as well as to unspecified eruptions of Icelandic volcanic systems, e.g. Torfajökull. The source volcanoes for some tephra layers remain unidentified. Some tephra layers were known previously from the North Atlantic region (e.g. Sluggan, Glen Garry), others have not been recorded previously in the literature (e.g. microlite tephra). This study provides the first comprehensive Holocene tephrostratigraphical record for northern Germany, complementing the North Atlantic tephrostratigraphical dating framework, effectively extending it into central Europe. The study shows that Icelandic ash layers are even more widespread than hitherto thought.

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“…If the Irminger Current entered Kangerlussuaq Trough during the Younger Dryas, it could have delivered the large 14 C transient present in lower latitudes to the East Greenland margin. Recent data from the southwest and north Iceland shelf provide some evidence that the Irminger Current carried Atlantic Water around Iceland prior to the eruption of the Vedde Ash (Jennings et al, 2000;Eiriksson et al, 2000Eiriksson et al, , 2002. Such an advective event of the Irminger Current, unparalleled by intrusion of Atlantic Water into the Norwegian Sea, could explain the apparent switch in the magnitudes of the reservoir ages of the two areas during the Younger Dryas, but it cannot be confirmed or falsified with the data to hand.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Radiocarbon Dates With The Tephra Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mangerud et al, 1984;Björck et al, 1992;Norddahl and Haflidason, 1992;Birks et al, 1996;Turney et al, 1997;Wastegård et al, 1998;Andrews et al, in press), the Greenland Ice Sheet (Ram and Gayley, 1991;Grönvold et al, 1995;Ram et al, 1996;Zielinski et al, 1996) and the North Atlantic, where ice rafting is thought to be responsible for the broad tephra distribution (e.g. Ruddiman and Glover, 1975;Kvamme et al, 1989;Lacasse et al, 1995Lacasse et al, , 1996Eiriksson et al, 2000). In addition, the recent discovery by Turney et al (1997) of the Borrobol tephra provides a potential isochron during the last deglaciation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution study of Icelandic tephras in the Kangerlussuaq Trough, southeast Greenland, during the last deglaciation

Jennings

Grönvold

Hilberman

et al. 2002

J Quaternary Science

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Tephra abundance data and geochemistry in Late-glacial and Holocene sediments on the East Greenland shelf are presented. Two well-known tephras were identified from electron microprobe analysis of tephra shards picked from ash peaks in the cores. These are the Vedde Ash and Saksunarvatn Ash, which probably were deposited on the shelf after transport on drifting ice. The radiocarbon dates (marine reservoir corrected by −550 yr) that constrain the timing of deposition of the tephra layers compare well with the terrestrial and ice-core ages of the tephras without requiring additional reservoir correction to align them with the known tephra ages. Several prominent tephra layers with a composition of Ash Zone 2 tephra punctuate the deglacial sediments. These tephra peaks coincide with significant light stable isotope events (signifying glacial meltwater) and fine-grained sediments poor in ice-rafted detritus. We interpret the Ash Zone 2 tephra peaks as sediment released from the Greenland Ice Sheet during strong melting pulses of the deglaciation.

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Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland

Cited by 137 publications

References 31 publications

The Origin and Development of the Central European Man-made Landscape, Habitat and Species Diversity as Affected by Climate and its Changes – a Review

The Origin and Development of the Central European Man-made Landscape, Habitat and Species Diversity as Affected by Climate and its Changes – a Review

Linking the North Atlantic to central Europe: a high‐resolution Holocene tephrochronological record from northern Germany

High‐resolution study of Icelandic tephras in the Kangerlussuaq Trough, southeast Greenland, during the last deglaciation

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