Chronological Transition of Relationship between Intracity Lifecycle Transport Energy Efficiency and Population Density

Abstract

Interests in evaluating lifecycle energy use in urban transport have been growing as a research topic. Various studies have evaluated the relationship between the intracity transport energy use and population density and commonly identified its negative correlation. However, a diachronic transition in an individual city has yet to be fully analyzed. As such, this study employed transport energy intensity widely used for evaluating transport energy efficiency and obtained the transport energy intensity for each transportation means including walk, bicycle, automobile (conventional vehicles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles), bus and electric train by considering the lifecycle energy consumption. Then, the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity of 38 cities in Japan in 1987–2015 was computed, assuming that the cause of diachronic transition of intracity transport energy efficiency is the modal shifting and electricity mix change. As a result, the greater level of population density was associated with the lower intracity transport energy intensity in Japanese cities. The negative slope of its regression line increased over time since the intracity lifecycle transport energy intensity in cities with low population density continuously increased without any significant change of population density. Finally, this study discussed the strategic implications particularly in regional areas to improve the intracity lifecycle transport energy efficiency.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Environmental and Energy Systems

“…Kosai and colleagues [14] investigated the transport energy intensity (TEI) for different transportation means (i.e., walking, bicycle, conventional automobile, electrical vehicle, hybrid vehicle, fuel-cell vehicle, bus, and electric train) in 38 Japanese cities between 1987-2015. Depending on the annual modal distribution, the relationship between the intracity transport energy intensity and population density has been analyzed, and the diachronic transition in each city visually interpreted.…”

Medium- and High-Tech Export and Renewable Energy Consumption: Non-Linear Evidence from the ASEAN Countries

“…Our results indicate that inflation has a negative relationship with renewable energy use. These results are supported by Kosai, Yuasa, and Yamasue [74]. Although prices of various products are associated with inflation and wide interpretation enhances the role of renewable energy use in the ASEAN-9 countries, a hike in prices of various goods and services induces a significant impact on renewable energy use.…”

“…GPD per capita, inflation, and employment are key drivers of changes in purchasing power parity; and for population, Samargandi [35] argues that population growth positively influences energy usage and energy intensity, which might be harmful to the environment. The employment share of the industry might have either a positive or a negative on renewable energy use [73][74][75]. For the effects of these factors on energy use, see [7,16,[20][21][22]35] for GDP, [73,74] for inflation, [75] for employment, and [35,76] for population growth.…”

“…The employment share of the industry might have either a positive or a negative on renewable energy use [73][74][75]. For the effects of these factors on energy use, see [7,16,[20][21][22]35] for GDP, [73,74] for inflation, [75] for employment, and [35,76] for population growth. A factor affecting renewable energy use is its price.…”

O Comportamento De Viagens Em Bairros Planejados De Uso Misto: Estudo De Caso Em Uberlândia-Mg

“…O primeiro modelo, também chamado de cidade compacta, tem por característica uma conformação que incentiva meios de transporte ativos e coletivos, sabidamente mais sustentáveis (KALENOJA, 1996;USÓN, et al, 2011;KOSAI;YUASA;YAMASUE, 2020;). Isso acontece porque a forma urbana densa e com uso do solo misto tende a reduzir a distância entre as residências e as necessidades diárias dos indivíduos, aumentando as chances de que estas sejam percorridas a pé ou de bicicleta.…”