Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Swanson, Donald A.; Duffield, Wendell A.; Jackson, Dallas B.; Peterson, Donald W.

doi:10.3133/pp1056

Cited by 137 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…the independent information that will be collected may play a signi¢cant role for explaining possible physical mechanisms. Detailed visual observations described by Ferrazzini and Aki (1992) during a seismic experiment at Kilauea combined with instrument recordings enabled them to distinguish between the di¡erent physical mechanisms that generate tremor and spindle-shaped signals called gas-piston events (Swanson et al, 1979). High-amplitude tremor was being recorded during the ¢rst month of the experiment and visual observations around the crater indicated lava fountaining activity while glows could be seen at night.…”

Section: Visual and Acoustic Observations Related To Tremor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of volcanic tremor: a review

Konstantinou

Schlindwein

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

182

129

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Volcanic tremor has attracted considerable attention by seismologists because of its potential value as a tool for forecasting eruptions and better understanding the physical processes that occur inside active volcanoes. However, unlike tectonic earthquakes where the dominant source process is brittle failure of rock, the driving mechanism of tremor seems to involve complex interactions of magmatic fluids with the surrounding bedrock. These interactions are responsible for the following distinct characteristics found in volcanic tremor recorded at many volcanoes worldwide: (a) the onset of tremor may be emergent or impulsive, with its amplitude showing in many cases a direct relationship to the volcanic activity; (b) in the frequency domain the spectra consist of a series of sharp peaks in the band 0.1^7 Hz, representing either a fundamental frequency and its harmonics, or a random distribution, while quite often they exhibit temporal variations in their content; (c) the depth of the source can vary considerably from one volcano to another in the range of a few hundred metres to 40 km; (d) tremor may occur prior to and/or after eruptions with a duration that ranges from several minutes to several days or months. The methods used to study tremor include spectral analysis using both the Fast Fourier Transform and the Maximum Entropy Method, polarisation analysis of the wavefield and methods that make use of array data to deduce the backazimuth and type of the seismic waves as well as the location of the source. Visual and/or recorded acoustic observations of the ongoing volcanic activity have assisted in many cases to further constrain proposed physical mechanisms for the generation of tremor. The models suggested as possible sources of tremor can be grouped as follows: (a) fluid-flow-induced oscillations of conduits transporting magmatic fluids; (b) excitation and resonance of fluid-filled cracks; (c) bubble growth or collapse due to hydrothermal boiling of groundwater; (d) a variety of models involving the oscillations of magma bodies with different geometries. It has been proposed by many authors that the source of tremor is not unique and may differ from one volcano to another, a fact that adds more difficulty in the source modelling efforts. As data quality, computer power and speed are improving, it may be possible in the near future to decipher and accurately model tremor source processes at different volcanic environments. ß 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Section: Visual and Acoustic Observations Related To Tremor Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of volcanic tremor: a review

Konstantinou

Schlindwein

2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

182

129

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“…Kilauea. This was also the first eruption in the last 150 years that lasted longer than a few weeks (Swanson et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1-1) about 8-10 km from the rim of the summit caldera (Hofmann et al, 1984). This spatter-and-lava basaltic shield grew during a nearly continuous eruption lasting from May 24, 1969 to July 22,1974, with a pause between mid-October 1971 and early-February 1972(Peterson et al, 1976 Swanson, 1973;Swanson et al, 1979; Swanson et al, 1971; Tilling et al, 1987; Wright 56 & Klein, 2008;Wright et al, 1975). The eruptive activity is divided into two main parts: the 1969-1971 and the 1972-1974 periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kilauea. This was also the first eruption in the last 150 years that lasted longer than a few weeks (Swanson et al, 1979).The magmatic plumbing system of Kilauea Volcano has been the subject of vigorous debate (see summaries by Pietruszka & Garcia, 1999;Wright & Klein, 2008). Eaton & Murata (1960) proposed that mantle-generated melt migrates through discontinuous vertical conduits from a depth of 60-170 km to a shallow, 2-4 km deep, magma reservoir beneath the summit caldera prior to eruption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eruptive activity is divided into two main parts: the 1969-1971 and the 1972-1974 periods. The Mauna Ulu eruption began with high fountains, like the ongoing Pu'u 'O'o eruption, and evolved into a passive, effusive eruption with tube-fed pahoehoe first entering the ocean in September 1970 (Peterson et al, 1976; Swanson, 1973;Swanson et al, 1979). The first half of the eruption produced an estimated 185 million cubic meters of lava, and the second half an additional 160 million cubic meters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

Vinet¹

2010

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PAR NICOLAS VINET MÉCANISMES DE SOLIDIFICATION DES MAGMAS BASALTIQUES : ÉTUDE QUANTITATIVE TEXTURALE ET GEOCHIMIQUE DES LAVES DU VOLCAN KILAUEA, HAWAII NOVEMBRE 2010 11 RÉSUMÉLe volcan Kilauea, Hawaii, est probablement le système magmatique basaltique actif le plus étudié sur Terre, et représente donc un site privilégié pour l'étude des processus de solidification basaltique en milieu naturel. Une meilleure compréhension de la solidification magmatique est d'importance majeure dans le raffinement de modèles expliquant le dynamisme des chambres magmatiques, et son étude détaillée est susceptible de grandement améliorer notre connaissance de l'évolution globale des systèmes magmatiques. Dans ce contexte volcanique, les lacs de lave offrent une rare opportunité d'étudier directement la solidification magmatique et peuvent être considérés, en première approximation, comme des analogues superficiels de petites chambres magmatiques.Le but premier de ce doctorat est de déterminer et quantifier les principaux processus de solidification magmatiques à l'oeuvre dans la genèse des basaltes tholéiitiques. Ce travail s'articule autour du minéral olivine comme composant central. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, l'approche est double, texture et géochimie, mais l'emphase porte sur l'aspect textural dont l'analyse de la distribution de la taille des cristaux (CSD) est la composante phare. Ce travail a été réalisé sur les laves produites par les éruptions de 1969 (Mauna Ulu) et 1959 du volcan Kilauea. L'étude des coulées de lave produites par l'éruption du Mauna Ulu permet de mieux comprendre les processus actifs de solidification dans tout le système magmatique superficiel (la "tuyauterie") de l'édifice. L'étude du lac de lave Kilauea Iki renseigne quant à elle sur la solidification en système semi-fermé en sub-surface. Dans un dernier temps, il est question d'évaluer plus en détail l'influence de la déformation magmatique sur la structure interne des divines, et de la quantifier, en utilisant une technique in situ récente de micro-diffraction des rayons X. Chacun des trois chapitres de cette thèse est un article publié ou destiné à la publication dans une revue scientifique internationale.L'article 1 présente les résultats en éléments majeurs et traces (roche totale), les compositions de l'olivine, et les CSDs de 11 échantillons de laves du Mauna Ulu. Les variations chimiques en roche totale sont interprétées comme étant partiellement produites par addition d'olivine dans le système magmatique. Les profiles CSD suggèrent qu'au moins deux populations d'olivines interviennent : (1) une population d'âges 3-40 ans, caractérisée par une faible densité de "gros" cristaux et des pentes CSD relativement faibles ; et (2) une population d'âges 1,5-15 ans, marquée par une forte densité de petits cristaux et des pentes CSD plus fortes. La gamme de compositions de l'olivine suggère que ces cristaux se sont formés à partir de magmas différents, probablement reliés par crystallisation fractionnée. La présence d'olivines déformées de toutes ...

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Emplacement of submarine lava flow fields: A geomorphological model from the Niños eruption at the Galápagos Spreading Center

McClinton

White

2015

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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In the absence of any direct observations of an active submarine eruption at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR), our understanding of volcanic processes there is based on the interpretation of eruptive products. Submarine lava flow morphology serves as a primary indicator of eruption and emplacement processes; however, there is typically a lack of visual observations and bathymetric data at a scale and extent relevant to submarine lava flows, which display meter to submeter-scale morphological variability. In this paper, we merge submersible-based visual observations with high-resolution multibeam bathymetry collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and examine the fine-scale geomorphology of Niños, a submarine lava flow field at the Gal apagos Spreading Center (GSC).We identify separate morphological facies (i.e., morphofacies) within the lava flow field, each having distinct patterns of lava flow morphology and volcanic structures. The spatial and stratigraphic arrangement of morphofacies suggests that they were emplaced sequentially as the eruption progressed, implying that the Niños eruption consisted of at least three eruptive phases. We estimate eruption parameters and develop a chronological model that describes the construction of the Niños lava flow field. An initial phase with high effusion rates emplaced sheet flows, then an intermediate phase emplaced a platform of lobate lavas, and then an extended final phase with low effusion rates emplaced a discontinuous row of pillow lava domes. We then compare this model to mapped lava flow fields at other MORs. Despite disparities in scale, the morphological similarities of volcanic features at MORs with different spreading rates suggest common emplacement processes that are primarily controlled by local magma supply.

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Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Cited by 137 publications

References 15 publications

Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of volcanic tremor: a review

Nature, wavefield properties and source mechanism of volcanic tremor: a review

Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

Emplacement of submarine lava flow fields: A geomorphological model from the Niños eruption at the Galápagos Spreading Center

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