Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death

Lovejoy, C. Owen; Meindl, Richard S.; Pryzbeck, Thomas R.; Mensforth, Robert P.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680103

Cited by 1,597 publications

(1,229 citation statements)

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“…Age‐at‐death was estimated on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphyses and auricular surfaces of the coxal bones (Brooks & Suchey, 1990; Lovejoy, Meindl, Pryzbeck, & Mensforth, 1985), the sternal ends of the ribs (İşcan & Loth, 1986; İşcan, Loth, & Wright, 1984), as well as late‐stage epiphyseal fusion in young adults (Scheuer & Black, 2000), and stages of cranial suture obliteration in older adults (Meindl & Lovejoy, 1985). Each adult skeleton was assigned to one of four age categories: 18–25 years (young adult), 26–35 years (early middle adult); 36–45 years (late middle adult) or ≥ 46 years (older adult) in accordance with the Museum of London Human Osteology Method Statement protocol (Powers, 2012) and agreed standard praxis in Irish osteoarchaeological research (Irish Association of Professional Osteoarchaeologists [IAPO], 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Geber

Murphy²

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesDespite subsisting on a low‐cariogenic diet comprising virtually nothing more than potatoes and dairy products, poor oral health affected the quality of life for the poor of nineteenth‐century Ireland. This study investigates potential biocultural reasons that may explain why this was the case.Material and MethodsA total of 6,860 teeth and 9,889 alveoli from 363 permanent dentitions from the skeletal remains of impoverished adult Irish males and females who died between 1847 and 1851 in the Kilkenny Union Workhouse were examined for evidence of dental caries, periodontal disease and ante‐mortem tooth loss. Caries rates were quantified and assessed by crude prevalence, frequencies, corrected caries rates and a t‐health index, and evaluated by sex and age groups.ResultsA higher rate of caries was present among 18–25‐year‐old males than females, while the opposite relationship was evident for older age groups. The prevalence rates of periodontal disease and ante‐mortem tooth loss increased with age. When assessed by corrected caries rates, tooth decay is observed at a lower rate compared to contemporaneous lower to upper‐class population samples from London.DiscussionDespite being low cariogenic foods, the potato starch and milk lactose of a nineteenth‐century Irish laborer's diet would have lowered oral pH‐values thereby increasing the risk of bacterial fermentation in dental plaque resulting in caries. Nutritional features alone cannot explain the high rates of dental caries observed in the Kilkenny workhouse population sample, however, and lifestyle factors, particularly habitual clay‐pipe smoking, is considered a significant cause of poor oral health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Geber

Murphy²

2018

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The age and sex estimation results, presented at a conference in 2014 (Kjellström, 2016), were based on osteological standard methods for morphologic indicators (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994) (S2–S3). The epiphyseal union was completed on all preserved bones, and the appearance of the auricular surface of the left hip bone meets the morphologic criteria for phase 3 according to methods by Lovejoy, Meindl, Mensforth, and Pryzbeck (1985) and Meindl and Owen (1989). Furthermore, the dental wear of the lower molars was clear but moderate (stage 2–4) (Brothwell, 1981).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics

Hedenstierna-Jonson

Kjellström

Zachrisson

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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ObjectivesThe objective of this study has been to confirm the sex and the affinity of an individual buried in a well‐furnished warrior grave (Bj 581) in the Viking Age town of Birka, Sweden. Previously, based on the material and historical records, the male sex has been associated with the gender of the warrior and such was the case with Bj 581. An earlier osteological classification of the individual as female was considered controversial in a historical and archaeological context. A genomic confirmation of the biological sex of the individual was considered necessary to solve the issue.Materials and methodsGenome‐wide sequence data was generated in order to confirm the biological sex, to support skeletal integrity, and to investigate the genetic relationship of the individual to ancient individuals as well as modern‐day groups. Additionally, a strontium isotope analysis was conducted to highlight the mobility of the individual.ResultsThe genomic results revealed the lack of a Y‐chromosome and thus a female biological sex, and the mtDNA analyses support a single‐individual origin of sampled elements. The genetic affinity is close to present‐day North Europeans, and within Sweden to the southern and south‐central region. Nevertheless, the Sr values are not conclusive as to whether she was of local or nonlocal origin.DiscussionThe identification of a female Viking warrior provides a unique insight into the Viking society, social constructions, and exceptions to the norm in the Viking time‐period. The results call for caution against generalizations regarding social orders in past societies.

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“…This is likely to be explained by different funerary customs for infants and children, as has also been observed in other Ancient Egyptian and Nubian cemeteries (Buzon, 2006;Zillhardt, 2009 (Bruzek, 2002; Buikstra and Ubelaker, 1994). Age estimation was based on degeneration of the pubic symphysis (Brooks and Suchey, 1990) and auricular surface (Lovejoy et al, 1985). Pathological conditions were assessed macroscopically and through the use of a hand lens (10x magnification) (Ortner, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

Binder

Roberts

2014

International Journal of Paleopathology

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the thickening of the artery wall due to accumulating lipids, is one of the major causes. Generally assumed to be a disease of modern life-style related factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension), its history and epidemiology in the past are virtually unknown. Research on mummies from various geographic locations, time periods and socioeconomic backgrounds has revealed conclusive, albeit scant, evidence that atherosclerosis also affected past human populations. Little is known about the morphology of calcified atherosclerotic plaques that may be associated with human skeletal remains. Therefore, direct evidence of atherosclerosis from skeletal remains is largely absent. This paper presents five possible examples of calcified blood vessels which may represent atherosclerosis recovered from burials at Amara West, Sudan (1300-800BC) and reviews other potential causes of arterial calcification. Calcifications were recovered from the chest area of three middle-adult individuals as well as from the abdominal area and alongside the femur of two more. Based on morphology, anatomical location, scanning electron microscopy and radiography, they are probably calcified arterial plaques. These findings are unique in the bioarchaeological record and indicate that people have experienced atherosclerosis for at least 3000 years. Graphical Abstract (for review)Highlights:x Calcifications were recovered with skeletons from Amara West, Sudan (1300-800BC).x The structures can possibly be identified as calcified blood vessels.x The structures may result from calcification of atherosclerotic plaques.x The calcifications could be evidence of atherosclerosis in skeletal human remains.Highlights (for review) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Atherosclerosis, the thickening of the artery wall due to accumulating lipids, is one of the major causes. Generally assumed to be a disease of modern life-style related factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension), its history and epidemiology in the past are virtually unknown.Research on mummies from various geographic locations, time periods and socioeconomic backgrounds has revealed conclusive, albeit scant, evidence that atherosclerosis also affected past hu...

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Chronological metamorphosis of the auricular surface of the ilium: A new method for the determination of adult skeletal age at death

Cited by 1,597 publications

References 8 publications

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

Dental markers of poverty: Biocultural deliberations on oral health of the poor in mid‐nineteenth‐century Ireland

A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics

Calcified structures associated with human skeletal remains: Possible atherosclerosis affecting the population buried at Amara West, Sudan (1300–800BC)

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