Chronological constraints on processes leading to large active landslides

Bigot-Cormier, Florence; Braucher, Régis; Bourlès, Didier; Guglielmi, Yves; Dubar, Mirentxu; Stéphan, J. F.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.012

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…On the other hand, this variation may be explained by the leaching, the initial characteristics of the material or a combination of both. This leaching could be also explained by the opening of the gravitational trenches since the beginning of the La Clapiere landslide 3.6 ka ago (Bigot-Cormier et al 2005;El Bedoui et al 2009) (Fig. 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this study, we choose to work on three non-gravitational faults and three gravitational faults segments recognise by Jomard (2006), dated by 10 Be (Bigot-Cormier et al 2005) and analysed as a model of progressive failure by El Bedoui (El Bedoui et al 2009). El Bedoui show three phases of the deformation of the landslide guided by these gravitational faults, and this at three different time scale: a first step with an initial slow slope deformation, spreading from the foot to the top, from 10-5.6 ka BP; a second step with an increase in the average displacement…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Lebourg

Hernandez²,

Jomard³

et al. 2011

Landslides

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International audienceAfter a few years of research, the observation and the analysis of the deep-seated landslides suggest that these are mainly controlled by tectonic structures, which play a dominant role in the deformation of massif slopes. The La Clapière deep-seated landslide (Argentera Mercantour massif) is embedded in a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation affecting the entire slope, and characterized by specific landforms (trenches, scarps...). Onsite, the tangential displacement direction of the trenches and the scarps are controlled by the tectonic structures. The reactivation of the inherited fault in gravitational faults create a gouge material exposed to an additional mechanical and chemical weathering as well as an increased of leaching. The displacement of these reactivated faults gets increasingly important around the area of the La Clapière landslide and this since 3.6 ka BP. In this study, mechanical analysis and grain size distributions were performed and these data were analysed according to their proximity the La Clapiere landslide and times of initiation of the landslide by 10Be dating. Triaxial test results show that the effective cohesion decreases and the effective angle of internal friction increases from the unweathered area to the weathered area. The whole distribution of the grain size indicates that the further the shear zone is open or developed, the further the residual material loses its finest particles. This paper suggests that the mechanical evolution along the reactivated fault is influenced by the leaching processes. For the first time, we can extract from these data temporal behaviour of the two main mechanical parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction) from the beginning of the La Clapiere landslide initiation (3.6 ka BP) to now

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Lebourg

Hernandez²,

Jomard³

et al. 2011

Landslides

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“…In particular, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide concentrations (originating from cosmic ray bombardment) have been used to date landslide debris (Ballantyne et al, 1998;Ballantyne and Stone, 2004;Bigot-Cormier et al, 2005;Hippolyte et al, 2006;Mitchell et al, 2007;Cossart et al, 2008;El Bedoui et al, 2009;Hippolyte et al, 2009;Sanchez et al, 2009;Shroder et al, 2010). Radiocarbon as well as tephrachronology and optically stimulated luminescence methods have also been applied (Beget, 1985;André, 1986;André, 1997;Watanabe et al, 1998;Smith, 2001;Soldati et al, 2004;Ballantyne, 2008;Agliardi et al, 2009a;Pánek et al, 2009;Borgatti and Soldati, 2010;Pánek et al, 2011).…”

Section: Temporal Distribution Of Slope Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, Bigot-Cormier et al (2005), Beget (1985), and Tibaldi et al (2004) have shown that deep seated gravitational slope deformations can exhibit episodic movement interspersed with periods of non-movement or reduced movement lasting several thousand years. This indicates that at least some mass movements remain in a state of critical stability for a long time following deglaciation (or during interglacial periods - Tibaldi et al, 2004) but their activity is driven by a range of processes, some of which are unrelated to the action of long-since vanished glaciers.…”

Section: Late-glacial-late-holocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Paraglacial rock-slope stability

2012

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“…5): one well established main event (Heuberger, 1966), succeeded by a secondary rockslide (Ivy-Ochs et al, 1998;Hermanns et al, 2006), -Several presently active landslides: pre-historical and/or historical precursory events documented at several active creeping slopes, e.g. at Gepatsch-Hochmais (Austria; Schmidegg, 1966), Heinzenberg (Switzerland;Weidner, 2000), La Clapière (France; Bigot-Cormier et al, 2005) and some catastrophic events, e.g. at Vajont (Italy; e.g.…”

Section: Synopsis Of Data Compilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas

Prager

Zangerl²,

Patzelt

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

156

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Abstract. Some of the largest mass movements in the Alps cluster spatially in the Tyrol (Austria). Fault-related valley deepening and coalescence of brittle discontinuities structurally controlled the progressive failure and the kinematics of several slopes. To evaluate the spatial and temporal landslide distribution, a first comprehensive compilation of dated mass movements in the Eastern Alps has been made. At present, more than 480 different landslides in the Tyrol and its surrounding areas, including some 120 fossil events, are recorded in a GIS-linked geodatabase. These compiled data show a rather continuous temporal distribution of landslide activities, with (i) some peaks of activity in the early Holocene at about 10 500–9400 cal BP and (ii) in the Tyrol a significant increase of deep-seated rockslides in the Subboreal at about 4200–3000 cal BP. The majority of Holocene mass movements were not directly triggered by deglaciation processes, but clearly took a preparation of some 1000 years, after ice withdrawal, until slopes collapsed. In view of this, several processes that may promote rock strength degradation are discussed. After the Late-Glacial, slope stabilities were affected by stress redistribution and by subcritical crack growth. Fracture propagating processes may have been favoured by glacial loading and unloading, by earthquakes and by pore pressure fluctuations. Repeated dynamic loading, even if at subcritical energy levels, initiates brittle fracture propagation and thus substantially promotes slope instabilities. Compiled age dating shows that several landslides in the Tyrol coincide temporally with the progradation of some larger debris flows in the nearby main valleys and, partially, with glacier advances in the Austrian Central Alps, indicating climatic phases of increased water supply. This gives evidence of elevated pore pressures within the intensely fractured rock masses. As a result, deep-seated gravitational slope deformations are induced by complex and polyphase interactions of lithological and structural parameters, morphological changes, subcritical fracture propagation, variable seismic activity and climatically controlled groundwater flows.

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Chronological constraints on processes leading to large active landslides

Cited by 87 publications

References 24 publications

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Temporal evolution of weathered cataclastic material in gravitational faults of the La Clapiere deep-seated landslide by mechanical approach

Paraglacial rock-slope stability

Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas

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