Chronological Age and Performance in Paralympic Powerlifters: Differences Between Sexes, Competition, and Weight Categories

Lopes-Silva, João Paulo; Richardson, Dillon S.; Franchini, Emerson

doi:10.1007/s42978-021-00149-7

Cited by 5 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Evidence drawn from the studies overviewed in the present review confirms that PP is a safe sports discipline that can be practiced by people with disabilities [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. However, the data revealed a high rate of chronic overuse injuries of the upper limbs among PP athletes, with the highest injury incidence rate among all other sports, second only to 5-a-side football [ 69 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Seven studies [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] were excluded with reason ( n = 2, not reporting sufficient details; n = 5, not disaggregating data according to para-sports discipline). Finally, 37 studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ] were retained in the present scoping review. We found that the included studies focused on a range of aspects involving health, classification, the etiology of injuries, and performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lopes Silva et al [ 51 ] retrospectively assessed 3107 athletes (1985 males and 1122 females) who took part in the last eight World Championships and six Paralympic Games in terms of sex/gender, chronological age, weight category, and competition achievements. The authors found that male athletes were older (33.2 ± 8.6 vs. 32.2 ± 7.5 years, p = 0.001, ES = 1.21, large) and stronger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bibliometrics-Enhanced, PAGER-Compliant Scoping Review of the Literature on Paralympic Powerlifting: Insights for Practices and Future Research

et al. 2022

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Paralympic powerlifting (PP), formerly known as “International Paralympic Committee” (IPC) powerlifting, is the format of powerlifting adapted for athletes with disabilities, and it differs from the version for able-bodied athletes in that it consists of bench press only. According to the mandate of the IPC, PP athletes should be enabled to achieve sporting excellence. As such, rigorous evidence is needed. However, to the best of our knowledge, there exists no systematic assessment of the body of scholarly evidence in the field of PP. Therefore, the present study was conducted to fill in this gap of knowledge, by conducting a scoping review of the literature enhanced by a bibliometrics analysis and by mining two major scholarly databases (MEDLINE via PubMed and Scopus). The aim was to provide a review/summary of the findings to date to help practitioners and athletes. Thirty-seven studies were retained in the present study. These covered the following thematic areas: (i) warm-up strategies (n = 2); (ii) aspects of training (n = 2); (iii) physiological aspects and responses (n = 2); (iv) psychological aspects and responses (n = 2); (v) biomechanics of bench press (n = 8); (vi) recovery strategy (n = 5); (vii) impact of the disability and type of disability (n = 4); (viii) epidemiology of PP (n = 6); and (ix) new analytical/statistical approaches for kinematics assessments, internal load monitoring, and predictions of mechanical outputs in strength exercises and in PP (n = 6). Bibliometrics analysis of the PP-related scientific output revealed that, despite having already become a paralympic sports discipline in 1984, only in the last few years, PP has been attracting a lot of interest from the community of researchers, with the first scholarly contribution dating back to 2012, and with more than one-third of the scientific output being published this year (2022). As such, this scholarly discipline is quite recent and young. Moreover, the community dealing with this topic is poorly interconnected, with most authors contributing to just one article, and with one single author being a hub node of the author network. Distributions of the number of articles and the authors/co-authors were found to be highly asymmetrical, indicating that this research is still in its infancy and has great room as well as great potential to grow. Reflecting this, many research topics are also overlooked and underdeveloped, with the currently available evidence being based on a few studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Bibliometrics-Enhanced, PAGER-Compliant Scoping Review of the Literature on Paralympic Powerlifting: Insights for Practices and Future Research

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, weight class, body mass (in kilograms), absolute load (in kilograms), athlete name, birth date, the origin of impairment, and competitive data of each record holder were collected. The data included the current World and Paralympic record holders in the 10 weight classes for World Para Powerlifting: males: ≤49, ≤54, ≤59, ≤65, ≤72, ≤80, ≤88, ≤97, ≤107, and >107 kg; females: ≤41, ≤45, ≤50, ≤55, ≤61, ≤67, ≤73, ≤79, ≤86, and >86 kg 2 . Because weight classes differ between males and females, a strength-to-weight ratio was also calculated for each athlete by dividing their competition score (in kilograms) by their competition body mass (in kilograms) 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance in this modality is related to the maximum load lifted during a barbell lifting movement in the bench press position. Frequently, these athletes often lift more than 3 times their own body mass in this exercise 1–3 . During the competition, athletes are divided in different weight categories (ranging from 49 to >+107 kg for males and from 41 to >+86 kg for females).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Paralympic Powerlifting Records Holders

Lopes-Silva

Franchini

Kons

2022

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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Objective This study was conducted to investigate the performance difference for current World (Junior and Senior) and Paralympic (Senior) record holders according to origin of impairment (acquired or congenital), level of competition, and sex and to describe the performance progression of Paralympic Powerlifting records holders. Design This retrospective cohort study involving 60 current world (20 Junior and 20 Senior) and Paralympic (20 Senior) Para powerlifting record holders with 15 males congenital impairment and 14 acquired impairment, while 18 females were acquired impairment and 9 congenital impairments. Results The origin of impairment did not influence the absolute and relative load of male and female recordists. However, for males, acquired athletes were older and heavier when compared with congenital athletes, but without differences for females. The absolute load of Junior World recordists was lower in relation to Senior World and Paralympic recordists independently of the sex. Congenital athletes more often reached the world record in the Junior category, while the acquired athletes were the ones who obtained most of the records in senior categories. Conclusions Our results show that origin of impairment did not influence the absolute and relative load of current World (Junior and Senior) and Paralympic (Senior) recordists.

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Para Powerlifting Performance

Lopes-Silva

Franchini

Kons

2023

Am J Phys Med Rehabil

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Objective We analyzed the retrospective performance of para powerlifters over 8 yrs considering sex, the origin of impairment, and sport classification of para powerlifting. Design This retrospective study analyzed data from 6791 (4613 and 2178 for male and female, respectively) individual results from 1634 athletes’ performances. We collected absolute load (in kilograms), relative load (in kilogram/body mass), chronological age and origin of impairment (acquired or congenital), and sport classification (leg length difference, limb deficiency, range of movement, impaired muscle power, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, and short stature of para powerlifters. Results Males were stronger than females thorough the years with acquired impairment being stronger than congenital impairment. Para powerlifters with acquired impairment were older compared with congenital impairment over the years. Acquired impairment males won 60% more medals than the congenital group. There was a significant association between competition achievement and sports class classification, with a higher number of medals for limb deficiency than other sports classes. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the sex, origin of impairment, and sports classification influence performance of athletes in para powerlifting. Thus, this information can help athletes, coaches, sport managers, and sport institutions involved in the sport of para powerlifting.

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Chronological Age and Performance in Paralympic Powerlifters: Differences Between Sexes, Competition, and Weight Categories

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

A Bibliometrics-Enhanced, PAGER-Compliant Scoping Review of the Literature on Paralympic Powerlifting: Insights for Practices and Future Research

A Bibliometrics-Enhanced, PAGER-Compliant Scoping Review of the Literature on Paralympic Powerlifting: Insights for Practices and Future Research

Performance of Paralympic Powerlifting Records Holders

Para Powerlifting Performance

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