Chronoamperometric detection of glucose by a third generation biosensor constructed from conducting microtubules of polypyrrole

Conjugated Polymer-Based Chemical Sensors

“…Enzymes that have been entrapped or attached to a CP include glucose oxidase, − ,− galactose oxidase, , xanthine oxidase, , nucleoside phosphorylase, nucleotidase, cholesterol oxidase, , urease, − glutamate oxidase, …”

“…A number of more recent examples have demonstrated the capability of CPs to act as mediators and provided new evidence that past models may be incorrect. For example, Nolte et al published a series of papers detailing sensors created from depositing polypyrrole and glucose oxidase into the pores of a track-etched membrane, which had been sputtered on one side with platinum. ,,, Nolte suggested that the aforementioned sensor design used polypyrrole as a mediator between the enzyme-reduced FAD and the sputtered platinum. However, Kuwabata and Martin observed in the same system, but excluding both the polypyrrole and the glucose oxidase resulted in sensors with greater sensitivity to glucose .…”

Third-generation glucose biosensor incorporated in a conducting printing ink

“…We have constructed third-generation glucose sensors from these conducting polymer microstructures [17,18], which detect glucose amperometrically, without the need of oxygen or artificial mediators as is the case in first [19] and second [11] generation biosensors.…”