Chronic work stress and decreased vagal tone impairs decision making and reaction time in jockeys

Landolt, Kathleen; Maruff, Paul; Horan, Ben; Kingsley, Michael; Kinsella, Glynda; O’Halloran, Paul; Hale, Matthew W.; Wright, Bradley J.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.238

Cited by 42 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Understanding the factors that precipitate and contribute to this increase in stress is vitally important. Professional jockeys work exhaustive schedules with long working hours and a high workload with a large proportion experiencing stress in relation to financial circumstances (Landolt et al, 2017), with the potential also for over training (Main, Dawson & Grive, 2009). Professional horse racing has long racing seasons, with the jockeys fully engrained in the industry and relying on each race ride to bring in financial support.…”

confidence: 99%

“…Professional jockeys are a unique cohort of athletes who work exhaustive schedules and have an extremely demanding, competitive, dangerous and high-risk occupation (O 'Connor, Warrington, McGoldrick & Cullen, 2017;Landolt et al, 2017;Wilson, Drust, Morton & Close, 2014). Uncommon to other sports, jockeys have the unique demand placed on them to not only remain in peak physical condition (Cullen et al, 2015) but to maintain a strict and often unrealistic weight, on a daily basis over a protracted racing season, in order to maximise riding opportunities which directly impacts on potential earnings (Wilson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uncommon to other sports, jockeys have the unique demand placed on them to not only remain in peak physical condition (Cullen et al, 2015) but to maintain a strict and often unrealistic weight, on a daily basis over a protracted racing season, in order to maximise riding opportunities which directly impacts on potential earnings (Wilson et al, 2014). Poor performance, high-performance expectations, travelling long distances, power relationships, constant public and employer scrutiny, maintaining weight and physical fitness, risk of injury, time demands, long working hours, workload, high levels of concentrations and ancillary demands including track work were previously identified as key occupational and lifestyle stressors in professional jockey's (Landolt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horse racing has previously been reported to be a physically demanding sport (Cullen et al, 2015) with significant lifestyle challenges and expectations placed on jockeys (Dolan et al, 2011;Landolt et al, 2017;Wilson et al, 2014), which in turn may impact on their mental health and wellbeing. Despite the well documented physical health and performance implications associated with jockey's (Dolan et al, 2012;Warrington et al, 2009;Wilson et al, 2014) research pertaining to the mental health and wellbeing of jockeys is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental health and wellbeing of jockeys

Losty¹,

Warrington²,

McGoldrick³

et al. 2019

jhse

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Despite receiving much public attention in recent years, the mental health status of jockeys has not been established. This study investigated the incidence of common mental health disorders in jockeys. Amateur (n=74) and professional (n=42) jockeys completed an online anonymous questionnaire incorporating validated self-reported measurement tools to assess the prevalence of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, social phobia, perceived stress and self-esteem. Personal and lifestyle characteristics were also reported. Fifty four percent of jockeys were experiencing symptoms of at least one of general psychological distress, depression, general anxiety disorder or social anxiety. Professional jockeys displayed significantly greater mean scores on measures of psychological distress (p<0.01), depression (p<0.05), anxiety (p<0.05) and perceived stress (p<0.01). No difference was present in measures between professional flat and jump jockeys. Professional jockeys were classified as displaying symptoms of depression (mean score 20.29; 57.1% at or above threshold of 16) and perceived stress (mean score 20.24; 52.4% at or above threshold of 20). Current injury, social anxiety or high levels of perceived stress increased the likelihood of displaying depressive symptoms in the jockey sample. With a high prevalence of depression and perceived stress evident in professional jockeys, mental health support strategies should be implemented with specific focus on stress management and dealing with injury. Future research should further investigate factors that

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confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mental health and wellbeing of jockeys

Losty¹,

Warrington²,

McGoldrick³

et al. 2019

jhse

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“…Possible mechanisms implicated in cognitive impairment due to work-related stress exposure have been investigated by Landolt and colleagues [33]. Although the study was conducted in a small population of young workers between 16 and 24 years, the results suggest that a reduction in vagal activity seems to have a detrimental effect on reducing decision making and reaction time in subjects exposed to prolonged work-related stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Issues in Occupational Disease: Mental Health in the Aging Working Population and Cognitive Impairment—A Narrative Review

Giorgi

Lecca

Pérez

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Cognitive impairment has often been reported in scientific literature as a concern derived from chronic exposure to work-related stress. Organizational factors can contribute to the onset of this concern especially in a susceptible population such as elderly workers. The aim of our study was to review the last five years of scientific literature, focusing on experimental and epidemiological studies, possible mechanisms implicated in the onset of cognitive decline due to work-related stress, and the recent organizational strategies to prevent detrimental effects of stress on cognitive processes. A literature search was performed in scientific platforms Medline and Web of Science, by means of specific string search terms, restricting the search to the years of publication 2014–2019. Thirty-three articles were identified and qualitatively evaluated, reporting narratively the main point of interest. At this stage, six articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Only a few articles considered the population of the elderly workers, often with a short follow-up period. Strategies to manage stress with organizational procedures are scarce. Mechanisms implicated in the development of cognitive impairment due to stress are not fully explained and seem to include a chronical decrease in the inhibitory process of neurological pathways. Further research that focused on strategies to manage stress in elderly workers, with the aim of preventing cognitive impairment processes, is warranted.

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Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers

Liu

Dang

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Occupational Health

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Objectives Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) may play a critical role on linking work stress to health outcomes. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between work stress and plasma CgA levels in healthy workers without chronic diseases. Methods The study included 260 healthy workers from EHOP study. Work stressors were assessed by the Chinese version of the 23‐item ERI‐Q questionnaire. Plasma CgA and catestatin levels were measured by ELISA kits. The demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. Results Among the final 260 subjects including 173 males (66.5%) and 87 females (33.5%), the average age was 37.6 ± 10.6 years old. Effort, overcommitment, and ERI were positively associated with plasma CgA level, respectively (r = 0.267, 0.319, and 0.304, all p < .001), while reward was negatively associated with CgA level (r = −0.237, p < .001). The workers with high effort, overcommitment, or ERI had significantly higher plasma CgA levels, while the workers with high rewards had significantly lower plasma CgA levels. The workers with both high overcommitment and high ERI had highest plasma CgA levels. In the linear regression analysis, after adjustment for confounders, effort, overcommitment, and ERI were respectively positively related to plasma CgA, while reward negatively related to plasma CgA. The associations between work stress and plasma catestatin was not significant. The ratio of CgA and catestatin was associated with work stress. Conclusions Work stress is associated with plasma CgA which may be play a crucial role on the pathway from chronic work stress to cardiovascular diseases.

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Chronic work stress and decreased vagal tone impairs decision making and reaction time in jockeys

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

Mental health and wellbeing of jockeys

Mental health and wellbeing of jockeys

Emerging Issues in Occupational Disease: Mental Health in the Aging Working Population and Cognitive Impairment—A Narrative Review

Associations between chronic work stress and plasma chromogranin A/catestatin among healthy workers

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