Chronic Wasting Disease in Cervids: Implications for Prion Transmission to Humans and Other Animal Species

Osterholm, Michael T.; Anderson, Cory; Zabel, Mark D.; Scheftel, Joni; Moore, Kristine A.; Appleby, Brian S.

doi:10.1128/mbio.01091-19

Cited by 72 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…A renewed concern is that the CWD situation mirrors the early stages of BSE research, in which a limited number of species was thought to be susceptible to infection (e.g. mice, hamsters, and primates) (Osterholm et al, 2019). At that time, it was thought that scrapie-associated prions causing BSE would not infect people based on the fact that people ate scrapie-infected meat for centuries with no evidence of infection (Bunk, 2004).…”

Section: Chronic Wasting Disease Biology Epidemiology and Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

et al. 2019

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Prions are misfolded infectious proteins responsible for a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion diseases. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is the prion disease with the highest spillover potential, affecting at least seven Cervidae (deer) species. The zoonotic potential of CWD is inconclusive and cannot be ruled out. A risk of infection for other domestic and wildlife species is also plausible. Here, we review the current status of the knowledge with respect to CWD ecology in wildlife. Our current understanding of the geographic distribution of CWD lacks spatial and temporal detail, does not consider the biogeography of infectious diseases, and is largely biased by sampling based on hunters' cooperation and funding available for each region. Limitations of the methods used for data collection suggest that the extent and prevalence of CWD in wildlife is underestimated. If the zoonotic potential of CWD is confirmed in the short term, as suggested by recent results obtained in experimental animal models, there will be limited accurate epidemiological data to inform public health. Research gaps in CWD prion ecology include the need to identify specific biological characteristics of potential CWD reservoir species that better explain susceptibility to spillover, landscape and climate configurations that are suitable for CWD transmission, and the magnitude of sampling bias in our current understanding of CWD distribution and risk. Addressing these research gaps will help anticipate novel areas and species where CWD spillover is expected, which will inform control strategies. From an ecological perspective, control strategies could include assessing restoration of natural predators of CWD reservoirs, ultrasensitive CWD detection in biotic and abiotic reservoirs, and deer density and landscape modification to reduce CWD spread and prevalence.

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Section: Chronic Wasting Disease Biology Epidemiology and Tranmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

et al. 2019

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“…137 There is concern of increased risk of transmission of CWD as it spreads among various countries, with one author recommending a One Health approach to monitoring, culling, and tracking to decrease this outbreak. 138 …”

Section: Applications Of Veterinary Informaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary informatics: forging the future between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives—a joint paper by the Association for Veterinary Informatics (AVI) and the CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA)

Lustgarten

Zehnder²,

Shipman

et al. 2020

JAMIA Open

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Objectives This manuscript reviews the current state of veterinary medical electronic health records and the ability to aggregate and analyze large datasets from multiple organizations and clinics. We also review analytical techniques as well as research efforts into veterinary informatics with a focus on applications relevant to human and animal medicine. Our goal is to provide references and context for these resources so that researchers can identify resources of interest and translational opportunities to advance the field. Methods and Results This review covers various methods of veterinary informatics including natural language processing and machine learning techniques in brief and various ongoing and future projects. After detailing techniques and sources of data, we describe some of the challenges and opportunities within veterinary informatics as well as providing reviews of common One Health techniques and specific applications that affect both humans and animals. Discussion Current limitations in the field of veterinary informatics include limited sources of training data for developing machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, siloed data between academic institutions, corporate institutions, and many small private practices, and inconsistent data formats that make many integration problems difficult. Despite those limitations, there have been significant advancements in the field in the last few years and continued development of a few, key, large data resources that are available for interested clinicians and researchers. These real-world use cases and applications show current and significant future potential as veterinary informatics grows in importance. Veterinary informatics can forge new possibilities within veterinary medicine and between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives.

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“…The public health concern about CWD is another reason to consider immunotherapy [46]. As of November 2019, CWD in free-ranging deer, elk, and moose has been found in at least 24 states in the United States and three provinces in Canada [47].…”

Section: Why Is Immunotherapy a Plausible Choice For Prion Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, CWD is able to transmit to a variety of other animal species, including nonhuman primates [54,55]. The uncontrollable spread of CWD in free-ranging animals, the ability to transmit the disease to other animal species in close contact to CWD-infected carcass or body fluids, and the fact that a prion can evolve when it is exposed to a new environment [56], raise the concern that the CWD prion could evolve into an agent that is harmful to human health [46].…”

Section: Why Is Immunotherapy a Plausible Choice For Prion Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy against Prion Disease

2020

Pathogens

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The term “prion disease” encompasses a group of neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. Currently, there is no effective therapy and all forms of prion disease are invariably fatal. Because of (a) the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans; (b) the heated debate about the prion hypothesis; and (c) the availability of a natural prion disease in rodents, the understanding of the pathogenic process in prion disease is much more advanced compared to that of other neurodegenerative disorders, which inspired many attempts to develop therapeutic strategies against these fatal diseases. In this review, we focus on immunotherapy against prion disease. We explain our rationale for immunotherapy as a plausible therapeutic choice, review previous trials using either active or passive immunization, and discuss potential strategies for overcoming the hurdles in developing a successful immunotherapy. We propose that immunotherapy is a plausible and practical therapeutic strategy and advocate more studies in this area to develop effective measures to control and treat these devastating disorders.

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Chronic Wasting Disease in Cervids: Implications for Prion Transmission to Humans and Other Animal Species

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife

Veterinary informatics: forging the future between veterinary medicine, human medicine, and One Health initiatives—a joint paper by the Association for Veterinary Informatics (AVI) and the CTSA One Health Alliance (COHA)

Immunotherapy against Prion Disease

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