Chronic Venous Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis
Philip Kienzl,
Julia Deinsberger,
Benedikt Weber
Abstract:Chronic venous disease (CVD) is highly prevalent in the general population and encompasses a range of pathological and hemodynamic changes in the veins of the lower extremities. These alterations give rise to a variety of symptoms, with more severe forms resulting in venous ulceration, which causes morbidity and high socioeconomic burden. The origins and underlying mechanisms of CVD are intricate and multifaceted, involving environmental factors, genetics, hormonal factors, and immunological factors that bring… Show more
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