Chronic udder oedema in milking cows and heifers

Jones, TO; Knight, Roxanne B..; Evans, RK

doi:10.1136/vr.115.9.218

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Excess intake of Na + or K + , in high DCAD diets, may be the major cause of udder edema (Al Ani and Vestweber, 1986;Vestweber and Al Ani, 1983). The results were also in agreement with previous studies (Randall, 1974;Conway et al, 1977;Jones et al, 1984) who reported that high DCAD before parturition is the major cause of udder edema. Restriction of high DCAD diets to pregnant heifers reduces the severity of udder edema.…”

Section: Udder Edema and Mastitissupporting

confidence: 93%

Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter

Shahzad¹

2011

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study was conducted to examine the influence of varying dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on acid base status, mineral dynamics, occurrence of milk fever and udder edema in Nili Ravi buffaloes in a randomized complete block design. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets having -22, -11, +11 and +22 meq/100 g DM DCAD were formulated and designated as high anionic (HA), low anionic (LA), low cationic (LC) and high cationic (HC), respectively. These diets were randomly allotted to 20 Nili Ravi buffaloes which were in their last two months of pregnancy. A linear increase in nutrient intake was recorded with increase in the DCAD level. Buffaloes fed with HA diet had higher nutrient digestibility than those fed with HC diet. Increased blood pH and serum HCO 3 were noticed in buffaloes fed with LC and HC diets. Serum (Na + + K + ) -(Cl -+ S --) was higher in buffaloes fed with LC and HC diets than those fed with LA and HA diets. Serum calcium and chloride increased with decreased DCAD level while serum magnesium, phosphorus and sulphur remained unchanged. Urine pH was also higher in buffaloes fed with LC and HC diets than those fed with LA and HA diets. Sodium, K, Mg and P balance increased with increased DCAD while its reverse was true for Ca and Cl balance. The concentration of progesterone tended to decrease while estrogen increased before and after parturition. However, their concentrations were more pronounced in buffaloes fed with LA and HA diets than those fed with LC and HC diets. One buffalo from each group fed withLC and HC diets had milk fever. Not a single case of milk fever was observed in buffaloes fed with LA and HA diets. Udder edema and mastitis were either absent or less severe in buffaloes fed with LA or HA diets while the problem was sever in buffaloes fed with LC and MC diets. This study revealed that feeding HA and LA diets prepartum can be a useful nutritional tool to minimize or prevent the incidence of milk fever and controlling udder edema.Abbreviations: DCAD, Dietary cation anion difference; HA, high anionic; LA, low anionic; LC, low cationic; HA, high cationic.

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Section: Udder Edema and Mastitissupporting

confidence: 93%

Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter

Shahzad¹

2011

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Excess intake of Na or K (high DCAD diets) may be the major cause of udder edema (Al-Ani and Vestweber, 1986;Vestweber and Al Ani, 1983). Other researchers (Randall et al, 1974;Conway et al, 1977;Sanders and Sanders, 1981;Jones et al, 1984) also reported that high DCAD diet is the major cause of udder edema and its restriction to pregnant heifers reduce the severity of the problem. Occurrence of udder edema at high DCAD diet might be due to immune suppression in affected animals, manifested by increased plasma cortisol concentration (Littledike et al, 1970).…”

Section: Mastitis and Udder Edemamentioning

confidence: 96%

Dietary cation anion difference: Impact on productive and reproductive performance in animal agriculture

Sharif¹,

Shahzad²,

Mahr-un-Nisa³

et al. 2010

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Various nutritional tools have been used to improve the productive and reproductive performance of animals, among which difference between certain minerals, called dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) plays a pivotal role. Low or negative DCAD diets reduce blood pH and HCO 3 and animal becomes acidotic. This improves Ca absorption from the intestinal tract. It also induces mobilization of Ca from bones which improves Ca status of the animal, thus preventing the occurrence of milk fever at the time of parturition. This may increase milk production and health in subsequent lactation. However, animals fed high DCAD diets before parturition may suffer from milk fever. Milk fever affected animals have increased plasma cortisol level that causes immunosuppression at calving. It is also positively associated with other problems like retained placenta, mastitis and udder edema. On the other hand, feeding high DCAD diet results in increased ruminal pH which is prerequisite for optimal microbial activity as well as improving the feed intake of the animal. Improved dry matter intake (DMI) is positively correlated with milk yield by providing precursors for various milk constituents. High DCAD diet results in increased milk fat percent due to shifting of ruminal volatile fatty acid production towards acetic acid and butyric acid. It also improves energy balance of the animal which causes increased blood flow towards ovaries and increased progesterone synthesis and follicular development due to positive association between energy balance and postpartum ovulation, which leads to improved reproductive performance of the animal. While feeding low DCAD diet reduces feed intake which causes negative energy balance in early lactating animals that lessens conception rate and increases services per conception. In conclusion, feeding low DCAD diets prepartum prevents the occurrence of milk fever via improving Ca status while feeding high DCAD diets results in improved productive and reproductive performance in lactating animals.

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“…In an earlier study (Tauriainen et al 2001) dietary K content of 3.4% of DM was found to have no influence on the incidence of udder oedema, when the dietary K/(Ca + Mg) -ratio was low (1.1). Intake of Cl should be prevented from exceeding 195 g d -1 to avoid the risk of udder oedema (Jones et al 1984), as was the case in the present study (153 g d -1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This indicated that daily supplements of anionic salts (3.2 Eq) during the dry period did not increase the risk of udder oedema peripartum. High intakes of sodium chloride (Randell et al 1974, Jones et al 1984, Nestor et al 1988, potassium (Sanders and Sanders 1981) or a high ratio of potassium to calcium and magnesium have been shown to cause udder oedema peripartum (Sanders and Sanders 1982). In the current study sodium intake was 16 g per day, which approached published requirements of 12 g per day (Tuori et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anionic salts on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and udder oedema of dry pregnant cows

Tauriainen

Sankari²,

Pyörälä³

et al. 2003

AFSci

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an anionic diet on mineral metabolism, acid-base status and udder oedema of dairy cows fed grass silage based diets during the dry period. Eighteen pregnant, non-lactating Friesian cows were divided randomly into two groups according to their expected calving date. Dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), calculated as mill equivalents [(Na + + K + ) -(Cl -+ S 2-)], for high DCAB (control) and low DCAB treatments were +254 and -41 mEq kg -1 dry matter (DM), respectively. Anionic salts were ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ). Cows received grass silage (5.2 kg DM), hay (0.9 kg DM) and a concentrate mixture (2.7 kg DM) until calving. Blood and urine samples were collected 4, 3, 2 and 1 week before the expected calving date, at calving, 1 day and 1 week after calving. Udder oedema was evaluated by a quantitative and a subjective method. Acidification resulted in a marked decrease in urinary pH, increased urinary Ca excretion and a change in blood acidbase balance. Blood Ca 2+ and plasma Ca tot concentrations were more stable at parturition for the anionic group, although such differences were not statistically significant. Anionic salts (DCAB -41 mEq kg -1 DM) did not cause udder oedema in experimental cows.

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Chronic udder oedema in milking cows and heifers

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter

Changing certain dietary cationic and anionic minerals: Impact on blood chemistry, milk fever and udder edema in buffaloes during winter

Dietary cation anion difference: Impact on productive and reproductive performance in animal agriculture

Effect of anionic salts on some blood and urine minerals, acid-base balance and udder oedema of dry pregnant cows

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