“…Substantial evidence have observed that there were dramatic pathological neuronal changes in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes rats/mice, including neuronal apoptosis and synaptic alterations (Cai et al, 2018, Sadeghi et al, 2016, reduced expression levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) which was discovered as a survival neurotrophic factor to potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons (Sadeghi et al, 2016), increased expression of astrocyte glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Sadeghi et al, 2016, Baydas et al, 2003 . Moreover, diabetes and continuous high blood glucose could directly induce a vast spectrum of injuries of endothelial cells in cerebral vascular system (Xu et al, 2016), damage the permeability of BBB by downregulating the expression of occluding and claudin-5 (Yoo et al, 2016). Therefore, here we successfully created hiPSC-derived neuron (N), astrocyte (A) and microvascular endothelial cell (E), which displayed typical morphological characteristics and can be used to reveal the pathogenesis on molecular level and explore the innovative treatment strategies based on drug screening or other methods to target diabetic brain injury.…”