Chronic Treatment with Imipramine Does Not Reverse the Effects of 3 Anxiogenic Compounds in a Test of Anxiety in the Rat

File, Sandra E.; Johnston, Amanda

doi:10.1159/000118363

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Imipramine, on the other hand, did not alter measures loading on factor 1. These results agree with other negative ones obtained in rats exposed to the plus-maze and treated with IM either acutely (3,29) or chronically (30). Taken together, the effects of CDP, PTZ, and APO seem to indicate that only motor activity enhancement is not enough to explain how the measures loading on factor 1 were altered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The elevated gradient of aversion: a new apparatus to study the rat behavior dimensions of anxiety, fear, and impulsivity

Rico

Bonuti

Morato

2019

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Few behavioral tests allow measuring several characteristics and most require training, complex analyses, and/or are time-consuming. We present an apparatus based on rat exploratory behavior. Composed of three different environments, it allows the assessment of more than one behavioral characteristic in a short 3-min session. Factorial analyses have defined three behavioral dimensions, which we named Exploration, Impulsivity, and Self-protection. Behaviors composing the Exploration factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide and apomorphine and decreased by pentylenetetrazole. Behaviors composing the Impulsivity factor were increased by chlordiazepoxide, apomorphine, and both acute and chronic imipramine treatments. Behaviors composing the Self-protection factor were decreased by apomorphine. We submitted Wistar rats to the open-field test, the elevated-plus maze, and to the apparatus we are proposing. Measures related to exploratory behavior in all three tests were correlated. Measures composing the factors Impulsivity and Self-protection did not correlate with any measures from the two standard tests. Also, compared with existing impulsivity tests, the one we proposed did not require previous learning, training, or sophisticated analysis. Exploration measures from our test are as easy to obtain as the ones from other standard tests. Thus, we have proposed an apparatus that measured three different behavioral characteristics, was simple and fast, did not require subjects to be submitted to previous learning or training, was sensitive to drug treatments, and did not require sophisticated data analyses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The elevated gradient of aversion: a new apparatus to study the rat behavior dimensions of anxiety, fear, and impulsivity

Rico

Bonuti

Morato

2019

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…However, inconsistencies have been found with animal models of anxiety. In the EPM, chronic treatment with imipramine does not have reliable anxiolytic effects (Cole and Rodgers, 1995;File and Johnston, 1987). However, in the elevated T-maze, the same treatment has been shown to impair both inhibitory avoidance of the open arms and one-way open-arm escape, two tasks supposedly related to generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, respectively (Borsini et al, 2002;Dombrowski and Andreatini, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social separation and diazepam withdrawal increase anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and serotonin turnover in the median raphe and hippocampus

2009

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The present work aimed to evaluate the effects of social separation for 14 days (chronic stress) and of withdrawal from a 14-day treatment with diazepam (acute stress) on the exploratory behaviour of male rats in the elevated plus-maze and on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) turnover in different brain structures. Social separation had an anxiogenic effect, evidenced by fewer entries into, and less time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus-maze. Separation also selectively increased 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the hippocampus and median raphe nucleus. Diazepam withdrawal had a similar anxiogenic effect in grouped animals and increased 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in the same brain structures. Chronic treatment with imipramine during the 14 days of separation prevented the behavioural and neurochemical changes caused by social separation. It is suggested that the increase in anxiety determined by both acute and chronic stress is mediated by the activation of the median raphe nucleus-hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine pathway.

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“…This Þnding was later widely conÞrmed by other studies using either imipramine (Zitrin et al 1980;Sheehan et al 1980;Mavissakalian and Perel 1989) or other tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs; Beaumont 1977;Muskin and Fryer 1981;Pecknold et al 1982). Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of imipramine in this disease is unknown and its study was impeded by the lack of e¤ects of long-term imipramine treatment in classical animal models of anxiety such as the potentiated startle (Cassella and Davis 1985), the defensive burying (Beardslee et al 1990), the social interaction (Pellow and File, 1987) and the elevated-plus maze tests (File and Johnston 1987;Cole and Rodgers 1995). However, in other recent studies, long-term imipramine was shown to display antipanic-like e¤ects in animal paradigms involving defense behaviours in response to conßict or predator stimuli (Bodno¤ et al 1988;Fontana and Commissaris 1988;Hendrie and Neill 1991;Blanchard et al 1993;Griebel et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of imipramine treatments on the 5-HT 1A -receptor-mediated inhibition of panic-like behaviours in rats

Mongeau

Marsden

1997

Psychopharmacology

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The escape behaviour induced in rats by injecting D,L-homocysteic acid (DHL) into the dorsal periaqueductal grey area (DPAG) was used as an animal model of panic attacks to investigate the effect of imipramine, a drug used for the treatment of panic disorder, on the sensitivity of 5-HT1A receptors in the DPAG. Rats given imipramine (10 mg/kg per day SC for 3 weeks or IP for 2-3 days) received 250 nl saline or the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (8.6 nmol) into the DPAG 10 min before inducing the escape response with DLH. As expected, 8-OH-DPAT produced a marked decrease in the average speed of the DLH-induced flight response. The short-term treatment with imipramine changed neither the DLH-induced escape behaviour nor the effect of prior 8-OH-DPAT administration on this response. In contrast, long-term treatment with imipramine enhanced the 5-HT1A-mediated inhibition, as the decrement in the amplitude of the flight response produced by 8-OH-DPAT was 96% after this treatment compared to 41% in controls. The injection of 8-OH-DPAT also significantly decreased the amplitude of the freezing behaviour observed at the end of the flight response in rats given imipramine for 3 weeks, but not in controls. The long-term imipramine treatment, however, did not significantly decrease the amplitude of DLH-induced flight and freezing behaviours in absence of prior 8-OH-DPAT administration. Finally, 8-OH-DPAT failed to inhibit the DLH-induced flight and freezing behaviours in rats withdrawn from imipramine after long-term treatment (10 mg/kg per day x 21 days). It is suggested that an alteration at the level of the DPAG-5-HT1A receptor system is implicated in the therapeutic and withdrawal effect of imipramine in panic disorder.

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Chronic Treatment with Imipramine Does Not Reverse the Effects of 3 Anxiogenic Compounds in a Test of Anxiety in the Rat

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

The elevated gradient of aversion: a new apparatus to study the rat behavior dimensions of anxiety, fear, and impulsivity

The elevated gradient of aversion: a new apparatus to study the rat behavior dimensions of anxiety, fear, and impulsivity

Social separation and diazepam withdrawal increase anxiety in the elevated plus-maze and serotonin turnover in the median raphe and hippocampus

Effect of imipramine treatments on the 5-HT 1A -receptor-mediated inhibition of panic-like behaviours in rats

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