Chronic toxicity and physical disturbance effects of water- and oil-based drilling fluids and some major constituents on adult sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus)

Cranford, Peter J.; Gordon, Donald C.; Lee, K.; Armsworthy, Shelley L.; Tremblay, Gilles H.

doi:10.1016/s0141-1136(99)00043-4

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Acute and chronic toxicity assays performed in this way are useful for comparing the potencies of compounds or relative sensitivities of organisms (Bliss 1952), but they inaccurately portray the lowest concentrations that can impair the prosperity of exposed organisms (Beak 1958). For example, Cranford et al (1999) note that acute toxicity testing indicates barite to be toxicologically inert, but sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus exposed to a 0.5 ppm concentration for 68 d ceased gonad growth. When longer-term exposures and evaluations are used, concentrations with meaningful impacts are often much lower than those predicted by short-term testing (Moles 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development

Heintz

Rice²,

Wertheimer³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

246

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report delayed effects on the growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, which were exposed to oil as embryos under conditions similar to those observed after the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill. Pink salmon eggs were incubated in water that became contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after percolating through gravel coated with weathered oil. Weathering ensured that the PAH composition of the water was dominated by alkyl-substituted naphthalenes and larger compounds. Most survivors of the exposures appeared healthy, and were released to the marine environment with coded-wire tags. Their survival was evaluated when they returned at maturity 2 yr later. Other survivors, also healthy in appearance, were retained in net pens to measure delayed effects on growth during the early juvenile stage. Pink salmon exposed to an initial concentration of total PAH equal to 5.4 ppb experienced a 15% decrease in marine survival compared to unexposed salmon. A delayed effect on growth was measured in juvenile salmon that survived embryonic exposure to doses as low as 18 ppb PAH. Reductions in juvenile growth could account for the reduced marine survival observed in the released fish. The demonstration of delayed effects on growth and survival support claims of delayed effects in pink salmon after the 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill, and indicate the potential for population-level effects resulting from embryonic exposure to oil. KEY WORDS: Exxon Valdez · PAH · Pink salmon · Toxicity testing · Oil pollution · Delayed effectsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development

Heintz

Rice²,

Wertheimer³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

246

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cerastoderma edule and the mud-dwelling and deposit feeding Macoma balthica (Cranford et al, 1999;Barlow and Kingston, 2001). In a study of the colonization of an estuarine community, Tagatz and Tobia (1978) showed that fewer individuals and species colonized sand covered by barite compared to controls.…”

Section: Iv)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Sediment Quality Guidelines from Field-Based Species Sensitivity Distributions

Leung

Bjørgesæter

Gray

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The determination of predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) of toxic chemicals in marine sediment is extremely important in ecological risk assessment. However, current methods of deriving sediment PNECs or threshold effect levels (TELs) are primarily based on laboratory ecotoxicity bioassays that may not be ecologically and environmentally relevant. This study explores the possibility of utilizing field data of benthic communities and contaminant loadings concurrently measured in sediment samples collected from the Norwegian continental shelf to derive SQGs. This unique dataset contains abundance data for ca. 2200 benthic species measured at over 4200 sampling stations, along with co-occurring concentration data for >25 chemical species. Using barium, cadmium, and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as examples, this paper describes a novel approach that makes use of the above data set for constructing field-based species sensitivity distributions (f-SSDs). Field-based SQGs are then derived based on the f-SSDs and HCx values [hazardous concentration for x% of species or the (100 − x)% protection level] by the nonparametric bootstrap method. Our results for Cd and total PAHs indicate that there are some discrepancies between the SQGs currently in use in various countries and our field-data-derived SQGs. The field-data-derived criteria appear to be more environmentally relevant and realistic. Here, we suggest that the f-SSDs can be directly used as benchmarks for probabilistic risk assessment, while the field-data-derived SQGs can be used as site-specific guidelines or integrated into current SQGs.

show abstract

“…Epifauna were removed from the grab immediately on retrieval and held in flowing seawater at ambient temperature (3 to 5°C) for at least 1 h before being placed in 1150 ml plexiglass chambers for measurements of oxygen uptake (Cranford et al 1999). Each chamber contained a magnetic stirring bar under a protective bottom support.…”

Section: Respiration Rates and Turnover Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic epifauna assemblages, biomass and respiration in The Gully region on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic Ocean

Hargrave¹,

Kostylev²,

Hawkins³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epifauna community assemblages were identified by analysis of 35 mm still pictures taken at 92 stations in The Gully, a submarine canyon on the edge of the Scotian Shelf off Canada's east coast. Numbers of epifauna taxa, seabed type and area of hard (gravel) substrate were measured in images from underwater camera systems. A substrate hardness index, and epifauna community biomass and respiration rates were calculated at 31 stations within The Gully and on adjacent banks using image analysis, volume conversion factors and an empirical allometric regression between wet weight and measured respiration rates for major epifauna taxa. Average turnover time (TT) in days for each location was calculated as energy stored in biomass to calories respired. Non-parametric correlation analysis on dissimilitarity matrices and cluster analysis based on water mass, substrate type and bathymetry distinguished 6 types of benthic habitats and 7 assemblages of co-occurring assemblages for 175 epifauna taxa associated with specific habitat types. Sandy areas on adjacent banks (50 to 300 m) were dominated by echinoderms. Stations with glaciomarine sediments near the head of The Gully (100 to 500 m), dominated by anemones, sponges and soft corals, had the greatest numbers of taxa. Epifauna biomass and respiration rates were highest where gravel cover was > 50%. There were fewer taxa with lower biomass and respiration in deeper (> 500 m) water. Deep-water brittle stars, hard and soft coral and anemone species predominated where the proportion of hard substrate decreased (< 50%). Average TT was low (388 and 453 d) at stations 200 to 500 m deep and in the mid-central areas of The Gully, where the percentage of rock cover was > 50%, with a trend to higher values (> 600 d) in deeper water. Stations with low TT values were dominated by molluscs. The observations suggest that organically rich particulate matter used by suspension-and depositfeeding epifauna is transported from the head of the canyon and surrounding banks down the axis of The Gully.

show abstract

Chronic toxicity and physical disturbance effects of water- and oil-based drilling fluids and some major constituents on adult sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus)

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development

Delayed effects on growth and marine survival of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha after exposure to crude oil during embryonic development

Deriving Sediment Quality Guidelines from Field-Based Species Sensitivity Distributions

Benthic epifauna assemblages, biomass and respiration in The Gully region on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic Ocean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About