Chronic Stress May Modulate Periodontal Disease: A Study in Rats

Abstract

CS significantly increased bone loss resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis by a local increase in proinflammatory and proresorptive factors.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible

“…Studies using physical restraint for 12 hours as an experimental model to induce stress are not a recent development 24,25 . The cortisol level is widely used in the literature as a varying physiological parameter associated with the presence of stress 29 cases involving the insertion of dental implants and function immediately, i.e., within the same session the patient leaves the dental clinic with prostheses supported by implants, or just with the implant.Naturally, a well-established model in the literature was sought, which led us to choose a chronic-stress model involving physical restraint for 12 hours 11, 13,17,26 . It is currently understood that for successful implant dentistry, certain criteria must be met, including an atraumatic surgical technique, primary stability, implant selection, the quality and quantity of bone 27 , periodic preventive maintenance, and knowledge of the physiological and/ or pathological changes in preexisting conditions 28 .…”

Radiographic assessment of the quality of dental restorations and their relationship with periodontal radiographic changes

“…Some relevant risk factors for the establishment of periodontal disease, such as drug use [16], smoking [16,27] and diabetes [28] were not known in this study. Most patients showed generalized periodontitis and the periodontal alteration was considered only in sites which were discrepant in relation to others.…”

Is Psychological Stress a Possible Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? A Systematic Review

“…Comparison of observations of the study was difficult because of the heterogeneity of the parameters used by researchers to assess active periodontitis. The biological mechanism behind the association between periodontal health and psychosocial factors might be related to the possibility that stress modifies the immune response, regulates other responses to periodontopathic microbes, changes the gingival circulation and produces hormonal changes [10,47], all of which might cause an imbalance in the immune system, leading to the breakdown of the microenvironment equilibrium and resulting in the development of periodontal disease [48]. The use of psychological intervention as adjunct measure in the treatment of periodontal disease might deserve further evaluation.…”

“…A review showed a strong relationship between periodontal diseases and psychological factors such as stress, distress, anxiety, depression and loneliness [9]. The factors responsible for such an association could be due to psychologically induced modulation of the immune system, leading to increased blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormones, alteration of crevicular cytokine levels, depressed polymorphnuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis, reduced proliferation of lymphocytes, changes in blood circulation and healing, modifications of the salivary flow and its components and endocrine changes leading to immunosuppression [10,11].…”