Chronic Sodium Chloride Toxicity in the Albino Rat I. Growth on a Purified Diet Containing Various Levels of Sodium Chloride

Meneely, George R.; Tucker, Robert G.; Darby, William J.

doi:10.1093/jn/48.4.489

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dietary salt, especially Nat has been thought to induce hypertension (22). Moreover, the simultaneous absorption of halogen ions like Cl-or I-with Na+ has been shown to potentiate hypertension (20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) (19) and stroke-prone spontaneously hyperten sive rat (SHR-sp) (20,21), which have inherited hyper tension even in youth, have been used as models in experiments for high blood pressure and metabolism, and have been used as an animal models for primary hypertension. Generally, the excessive consumption of salt has been reported to induce hypertension and lead to arteriosclerosis, heart disease and blood-vessel disor der (22,23). However, there is a study reporting that high blood pressure is not correlated with dietary salt.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of Vitamin C on High Blood Pressure Induced by Salt in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Nishikawa

Tatsumi

Matsuura

et al. 2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryBy breeding and feeding salt to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) contin uously over a long period (until 60 wk old), rats with systolic blood pressures (SBP) of over 270 mmHg were prepared. It was studied whether or not supplying large amounts of vita min C (200 mg/rat/d) over this period might bring any beneficial effect to blood pressure. Moreover, physico-chemical studies were performed to measure the components and enzymes in the blood and urine at 53 and 60 wk-old, and biochemical studies on vitamin C were also carried out in this experiment. Male (14 rats: 7 wk-old, 100-105g) and female (15 rats: 7 wk-old, 95-100g) SHR were divided into three groups and bred continuously for 53 wk. The A group rats were given salt (2.5g/100g of diet), the B group rats were given salt and vitamin C (500mg/100mL of drinking water), and the C group rats were controls. The results showed almost the same tendencies between male and female rats. The body weights of the SHR in groups A and B were slightly lower than group C. The amount of food intake in groups A and B was almost the same as group C. The amount of water intake was, in the order from highest to lowest, group A, B and C. The SBP of group A rats exhibited the highest value among the three groups. The SBP of group B rats given vitamin C simulta neously with the salt resulted in a low blood pressure level close to that of the controls (group C). Furthermore, the DBP (diastolic blood pressure) also reflected the antihyperten sive effect of vitamin C as well. The heartbeat of the rats was highest in group A, and was comparable to the value in the rats receiving vitamin C simultaneously with salt. For the tests on occult blood and protein in the urine, group A rats showed strong positive reactions, whereas the group B and C rats had decreased results for both tests. The organ weights of the liver, stomach, spleen, adrenal gland and kidneys per 100 g rat body weight were not dif ferent among the three groups. The values for the bilirubin content, and the enzyme activi ties of ALT and AST in the blood showed to be the highest in the male rats of group A. The values from the group B rats decreased near to the normal value like the control group. Vitamin C was found to decrease the blood pressure in SHR, and also to work effectively to protect liver and kidney functions even under the condition of very high blood pressure, as high as 250 mmHg. Key Words vitamin C, ascorbic acid, salt, blood pressure, spontaneously hypertensive ratThe three main causes of death in Japan are malig nant tumors, heart disease and cerebrovascular dis ease. The latter two result directly from disorders related to blood circulation. The European lifestyle, which has a high lipid intake, has an increased inci dence of arteriosclerosis and increased rate of death due to heart and cerebral diseases. Hypertension is brought about by arteriosclerosis, and conversely hypertension

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Vitamin C on High Blood Pressure Induced by Salt in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Nishikawa

Tatsumi

Matsuura

et al. 2003

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…The chloride was also negative after subcutaneous , . (23,24,25,26,27) injection in rats v •»»»-'. 6.…”

Section: Sodium and Its Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of metals for the selection of candidates for carcinogen bioassay

Helmes

Casey

Fung

et al. 1983

Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environme

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The metals of environmental, biological or commercial importance were studied in order to nominate chemicals as candidates for carcinogen bioassay to the National Cancer Institute. After the application of several qualifying criteria that related to previous, current or planned carcinogenicity tests, and to commercial significance, the preliminary candidate list of 1,383 chemicals was reduced to a final candidate list of 488 chemicals. Based upon consideration of both the suspicion of possible carcinogenic activity and evidence of potential human forty-six chemicals were nominated.

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“…This is well exemplified by a series of studies carried out by a group of investigtors at Vanderbilt University during the mid 1950's and early 1960's (45, [66][67][68]106). They varied the salt and potassium content of standard basal maintenance diets (see cited publications) which they fed to large numbers of Sprague-Dawley rats and later to Beagle dogs.…”

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They expressed the opinion that the basal diet as normally fed was suboptimal in potassium content. Curiously, although Dr. Goodpasture (45,68) carried out exhaustive histopathology studies on all of the animals employed in the studies, and commented e g tensively on his findings (45) which were examined by one of us (SWT), there was no mention made concerning neoplastic diseases, if any, observed in their senile rats.…”

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Thoughts on Attempts to Correlate the Occurrence of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Spontaneous Diseases in Laboratory Animals

Thompson

Rac

1981

Toxicol Pathol

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Chronic Sodium Chloride Toxicity in the Albino Rat I. Growth on a Purified Diet Containing Various Levels of Sodium Chloride

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of Vitamin C on High Blood Pressure Induced by Salt in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Effects of Vitamin C on High Blood Pressure Induced by Salt in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

A study of metals for the selection of candidates for carcinogen bioassay

Some Thoughts on Attempts to Correlate the Occurrence of Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Spontaneous Diseases in Laboratory Animals

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