Chronic sensorineural hearing impairment in the morbidity structure of the adult population of the Samara region

Abstract

The article presents the materials of a retrospective analysis of the structure of diseases in the class of «ear and mastoid diseases» (according to the code ICD-10 H60-H95) in the adult population of the Samara region (SR) for the period from 2016 to 2019. The incidence and prevalence of chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (code ICD-10 H90.3), mixed form of hearing loss (code ICD-10 H90.6) and conductive hearing loss (code ICD-10 H90.0) are considered. The dynamics of the adult population in the SR generally repeats the trend characteristic of the Volga Federal District in terms of an increase in the proportion of people over working age. Despite the natural decline in the region’s population in recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of people over working age, which amounted to 10.,01%. The changes were reflected in the prevalence in the class of «ear and mastoid diseases»: in persons of the older age group, the indicator increased by 7,12%, in persons of working age by 0,61%. In the adult population of the region, there is an increase in cases of hearing loss of a mixed and sound-perceiving character, with consistently low rates of conductive hearing loss. In both groups of the adult population of the Samara region in 2016–2019, an increase in the cases of SNHL and hearing loss of a mixed nature was revealed. Moreover, in persons older than working age, the number of SNHL cases during the analyzed period was on average 2,32 times higher, and the number of mixed hearing loss cases was 2.2 times higher. The data of the study must be taken into account for planning the timely detection and examination of adults with hearing loss when they turn to an otorhinolaryngologist-audiologist, as well as to general practitioners and geriatricians, which will maximize their ability to work and social activity.