Chronic Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome: The Sixth Innovative Subtype

Zhang, Yipeng; Yue, Jiang; Yang, Wentao; Shen, Linghong; He, Ben

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.639959

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The establishment of the definition and classification of CRS has greatly promoted the early identification of patients with CRS, helping clinicians better diagnose and manage CRS (House et al, 2010). , Zhang Y et al (2021 proposed a sixth CRS subtype. They further divided traditional secondary CRS into acute and chronic secondary CRS, naming the former type 5 CRS and the latter type 6 CRS.…”

Section: Existing Biomarkers In Crsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BNP and NT-proBNP are widely used in the diagnosis and exclusion of HF in clinical practice (Castiglione et al, 2022;Heidenreich et al, 2022). Compared with AHF patients without renal impairment, the baseline BNP level of CKD patients with HF was significantly higher than that of CKD patients alone; BNP levels were significantly higher in patients with evidence of CRS (Ronco et al, 2008;House et al, 2010;Palazzuoli et al, 2014;Rangaswami et al, 2019;Zhang Y. et al, 2021;Castiglione et al, 2022;Heidenreich et al, 2022). Studies have found that sST2 in combination with BNP/NT-proBNP can better predict the occurrence of HF adverse events, and sst2 is not affected by renal function, so it has potential value for the prognosis of CRS (Yancy et al, 2017;Chirinos et al, 2020).…”

Section: Existing Biomarkers In Crsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From heart failure and kidney dysfunction to cardiorenal syndrome: TMAO may be a bridge

Zhang,

Zhu,

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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The study of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, and heart failure and chronic kidney disease has made preliminary achievements and been summarized by many researchers, but its research in the field of cardiorenal syndrome is just beginning. TMAO is derived from the trimethylamine (TMA) that is produced by the gut microbiota after consumption of carnitine and choline and is then transformed by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the liver. Numerous research results have shown that TMAO not only participates in the pathophysiological progression of heart and renal diseases but also significantly affects outcomes in chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), besides influencing the general health of populations. Elevated circulating TMAO levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular events such as HF, myocardial infarction, and stroke, patients with CKD have a poor prognosis as well. However, no study has confirmed an association between TMAO and cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). As a syndrome in which heart and kidney diseases intersect, CRS is often overlooked by clinicians. Here, we summarize the research on TMAO in HF and kidney disease and review the existing biomarkers of CRS. At the same time, we introduced the relationship between exercise and gut microbiota, and appropriately explored the possible mechanisms by which exercise affects gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss whether TMAO can serve as a biomarker of CRS, with the aim of providing new strategies for the detection, prognostic, and treatment evaluation of CRS.

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Section: Existing Biomarkers In Crsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Existing Biomarkers In Crsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From heart failure and kidney dysfunction to cardiorenal syndrome: TMAO may be a bridge

Zhang,

Zhu,

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…This interaction is called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) [1][2][3]. This syndrome has been long studied by clinicians of various specialties and has gained relevance in the last decade [4][5][6][7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Β2-Microglobulin in the Development of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension

Dunaieva,

Bilovol

2023

PEP

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Arterial hypertension is the largest pandemic in the history of mankind, which defines the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Currently, the correlation between hypertension and various pathological conditions and diseases has been proven, which largely determines its progression and contributes to the development of cardiovascular and renal complications. These diseases include type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is spreading globally as a pandemic. The history of arterial hypertension in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by the development of cardiorenal syndrome, so it is crucial to diagnose renal dysfunction and prevent cardiovascular complications in such patients. One of these biomarkers is β2-microglobulin (β2-M), which depends on the glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption. Materials and methods. 90 patients with AH (men/women – 48/42) and 20 control subjects were examined. During a thorough examination and follow-up of patients, they were classified into 3 groups: patients with AH – group 1 – 31 people; group 2 – AH in combination with T2DM – 31 people; group 3 – patients with AH, T2DM, and obesity – 28 people. Body weight and height were measured in all patients, and BMI = body weight/height2 (m2) was calculated. The β2-microglobulin levels in the patients' serum, cardiotrophin-1, catestatin, leptin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, 25-OH total vitamin D, serum insulin levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid metabolism, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Statistical data analysis was performed using Statistica, 12 (Stat Soft Inc, USA) and Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The data are presented as mean (M) and standard deviation (δ). Differences between groups of mean values were evaluated using the Student's t-test. Results and conclusions. The level of β2-M in the observed groups of patients differed significantly from that of healthy individuals. An increase in β2-M concentration allowed us to confirm the presence of tubular renal dysfunction, which was not diagnosed by conventional methods. All examined patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the β2-M level. Our data prove the role of β2-microglobulin as an independent biomarker of renal dysfunction, as well as the development of early cardiovascular complications. The data obtained from the mathematical models between creatinine and β2-microglobulin, urea and β2-microglobulin levels show a highly significant correlation between β2-microglobulin and renal function and demonstrate that β2-microglobulin is an independent factor in the prediction of renal dysfunction in patients with hypertension and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus. β2-microglobulin is a biomarker that should be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of early manifestations of cardiorenal syndrome.

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Kardiorenales Syndrom

Schwenger,

Remppis

2023

DGIM Innere Medizin

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Chronic Secondary Cardiorenal Syndrome: The Sixth Innovative Subtype

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

From heart failure and kidney dysfunction to cardiorenal syndrome: TMAO may be a bridge

From heart failure and kidney dysfunction to cardiorenal syndrome: TMAO may be a bridge

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Β2-Microglobulin in the Development of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Arterial Hypertension

Kardiorenales Syndrom

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