Chronic rhinosinusitis and emerging treatment options

Abstract

This review describes the epidemiology and various treatments in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Evidence for short-term use of systemic corticosteroids has been shown to be favorable in CRSwNP, but still limited in CRSsNP. Topical corticosteroids improve symptom scores in both CRS subgroups. The role of microbes in CRS is still controversial. Culture-directed antibiotics are recommended for CRSsNP with exacerbation. Long-term use of low dosage antibiotics is recommended for CRSsNP for their anti-inflammatory effects. Other emerging treatment options are also discussed.

A New Generation of Throat Cleaning and Healing Filmogen Solution for the Treatment of Productive (Wet) Cough

“…Natural remedies such as salt water gargling or nasal sprays help ease symptoms but require frequent and regular use over an extended period which is not always practical [27,28]. This shows that none of the currently available medications or remedies, chemical or natural, topical or systemic, is directed at curing wet cough, and current research is also not directed at finding a multitarget wet cough remedy [29].…”

Clinical Efficacy of a New Filmogen Polymeric Glycerol Solution for the Treatment of Rhinosinusitis

“…Rhinitis evolves towards sinusitis when the infection enters the nasal sinuses and becomes chronic when the infection persists beyond 12 weeks. Severe clinical signs appear when bacteria colonize the sinuses as those are extremely difficult to dislodge [13,14]. Unfortunately, all current and even emerging treatment options are intended to ease one or several clinical symptoms often in association with other therapies including saline nasal washes, topical or oral antibiotics, nasal decongestants, steroids and anti-inflammatory drugs [13].…”

Intranasal Diprospan Injection for Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treatment-Two Case Reports

“…CRS is a common health problem which significantly affects quality of life [6,7,10]. CRS, with or without nasal polyps in adults is defined as inflammation of the nose and the paranasal sinuses characterized by excellent breathing, smelling, absence of rhinorrhea, coughing and even lower extremities edema.…”

“…The pathogenesis of CRS remains controversial. Multifactorial factors altering the host-environment interaction such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, allergens, or environmental toxins may trigger the inflammatory process [10]. That is why there are no definitive guidelines for the treatment of CRS largely due to the lack of consensus on the etiology of the disease [2].…”