Chronic resveratrol administration improves diabetic cardiomyopathy in part by reducing oxidative stress

Abstract

8-isoprostane, 6.03 ± 0.87 vs. 8.49 ± 0.52 µmol, p < 0.05 for nitrite/nitrate, and 0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.59 ± 0.04, p < 0.05 for oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio), nuclear factor kappa B activity (0.37 ± 0.09 vs. 0.60 ± 0.11, p < 0.05) and apoptosis rate (0.98 ± 0.28 vs. 1.63 ± 0.16, p < 0.05). Moreover, it improved left ventricular developed pressure (72.46 ± 8.16 vs. 52.01 ± 11.32 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and coronary flow (14.08 ± 1.09 vs. 11.75 ± 1.43 mL/ /min × g, p < 0.05). Conclusions: These beneficial cardioprotective observations suggest that treatment with resveratrol can potentially delay or attenuate the progression of diabetes-related cardiac complications. (Cardiol J 2014; 21, 1: 39-46)

Preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of resveratrol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

“…Although the effect of resveratrol on blood glucose levels was not reported in this study, a separate study in Lepr db mice [253] reported that resveratrol did not alter body weight or reduce hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia, further supporting the notion that the protective effects of resveratrol against diabetic cardiomyopathy can occur independently from its systemic metabolic effects. In agreement with this, in a streptozocin-nicotinamide model of type 2 diabetes, resveratrol has been shown to improve LV developed pressure and coronary flow through alleviating the reduction of cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing cardiac oxidative stress, decreasing apoptosis rate, and inhibiting NF-κB activity [254]. In agreement with the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, hyperglycemia has been shown to induce oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes [255].…”

Reduced HMGB 1-Mediated Pathway and Oxidative Stress in Resveratrol-Treated Diabetic Mice: A Possible Mechanism of Cardioprotection of Resveratrol in Diabetes Mellitus

“…Normal chow and water were freely available. Experimental studies showed the dose of intragastrically administered resveratrol leading to cardioprotection range between 2.5 mg/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day [7, 10, 21], so the resveratrol doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg/day were selected in this experiment.…”

“…Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound and naturally occurring phytoalexin present in red wine and vegetable foods, has been shown to delay the progression of DCM [7–10]. Many pieces of evidence have implicated that the cardioprotection of resveratrol was, in part, due to its antioxidative effect.…”

Effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on brain and behavior

“…A pharmacotoxicity study, conducted in mice, reported that dietary intake of PTE (0e3000 mg/kg body weight/day) for 28 days produced no significant change in body weight, food intake, organ weight, or other clinical signs (Ruiz et al, 2009), whereas oral intake of PTE at 250 g/day caused reduction in blood pressure, body weight and an increase in LDL cholesterol among hypertensive patients (Riche et al, 2014). However, recent studies suggest that chronic administration of RES may produce the plasma levels needed for biological activity (Girbovan et al, 2015;Mohammadshahi et al, 2014). Similarly, in a study using male Wistar rats, a chronic i.p.…”

“…Similarly, PTE concentration in certain grapes and berries ranges from 99 to 520 ng/g dry sample (Rimando et al, 2004). Therefore, most studies have used RES or PTE at much higher doses than would normally be achievable in the diet through consumption of red wine, fruit, or seeds (Girbovan et al, 2015;Mohammadshahi et al, 2014;Sharma and Gupta, 2002). A pharmacotoxicity study, conducted in mice, reported that dietary intake of PTE (0e3000 mg/kg body weight/day) for 28 days produced no significant change in body weight, food intake, organ weight, or other clinical signs (Ruiz et al, 2009), whereas oral intake of PTE at 250 g/day caused reduction in blood pressure, body weight and an increase in LDL cholesterol among hypertensive patients (Riche et al, 2014).…”