Chronic renal failure and urolithiasis in a 2‐years‐old colt

Laing, Joshua; Raisis, A L; Rawlinson, R J; Small, Alexander

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb07525.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Most cases of nephrolithiasis reported in horses are either associated with chronic renal failure, or diagnosed as an incidental finding on necropsy. When present, renal failure is usually associated with chronic urinary tract obstruction caused by renal, or ureteral calculi (Byars et al 1989;Hope et al 1989;Ehnen et al 1990;Laing et al 1992;Newton et al 1999;Wooldridge et al 1999). Horses with renal calculi are most commonly presented for weight loss, inappetance, lethargy, recurrent colic, or decreased performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral nephrolithiasis with renal rupture in a horse

Saetra

Breuhaus

Hildebran

2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary A 22‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare presented to North Carolina State University Large Animal Hospital for evaluation of acute colic. After initial work‐up, the mare was diagnosed and treated for presumed gas colic. She was subsequently further diagnosed and treated for gastric ulcers and mild sand accumulation in her large colon, based on gastroscopy and abdominal radiographs, respectively. The mare initially responded well to medical management of colic, but on Day 3 of hospitalisation, developed a low grade fever and signs of mild discomfort returned. Abdominocentesis at that time revealed an aseptic peritonitis and she was placed on antibiotics and NSAIDs. When no significant improvement was achieved, the mare was taken to surgery 2 days later. In surgery, she was diagnosed with nephrolithiasis of the left kidney that had erupted through the renal capsule and into the retroperitoneal space, as well as into the abdomen. Two nephroliths were found in the omentum. The mare was subjected to euthanasia due to a poor prognosis and submitted for necropsy, where 54 nephroliths were identified, associated with the left kidney. This report describes significant unilateral nephrolithiasis (to the point of renal rupture) in a horse with no azotaemia or other clinical signs of urinary tract disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral nephrolithiasis with renal rupture in a horse

Saetra

Breuhaus

Hildebran

2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Horses with urinary tract lithiasis can have calculi in multiple locations. In many instances, a complete evaluation of the urinary tract is not performed, and the extent of the disease is not determined 4,6,13 . Percutaneous renal and transrectal ureteral and urinary bladder ultrasonography is useful to determine multiple site involvement, 8 yielding information that is critical for patient management and formulating and accurate prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Appearance of the Lower Urinary Tract in Fifteen Normal Horses

Diaz

Smith

Reef

2007

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The purpose of this study was to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the caudal portion of the equine ureters, pelvic urethra, and urinary bladder and to assess ureteral contractility. Fifteen horses with no evidence of urinary tract disease (five females, five intact males and five geldings) were studied. The lower urinary tract was evaluated ultrasonographically using a transrectal approach. The normal ultrasonographic appearance and anatomic location of structures of the lower urinary tract were evaluated and anatomic relationships described. Both ureters were identified dorsal to the bladder and at their openings into the bladder. Their relationship and different appearance from the male deferent ducts/ampullae and vesicular glands was noted. Ultrasonographic measurements of the diameter of the ureters and urethra were obtained and the ureteral, urethral, and urinary bladder wall thickness recorded. The normal parameters established in this study will be useful during sonographic examination of horses with suspected urinary tract disease. Transrectal ultrasonographic examination is valuable in assessing the presence and frequency of ureteral contractions as well as in detecting structural abnormalities of the lower urinary tract. The use of high-frequency transrectal ultrasound transducers allows for excellent visualization of the structures of the equine lower urinary tract.

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“…The observed skin abnormality, as well as the presence of urine crystals on the hind limbs and the vulvar area [12][13][14][15] was likely a urine-induced contact dermatitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report: Recurrent Cystitis in A Mare

Onmaz¹,

Atalan²,

Pavaloiu³

et al. 2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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A 20 year old Austrian Warmblood mare was presented at the clinic of Vienna Veterinary University for symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria and urinary incontinence and a repeated history of bladder infection. Sampled urine was light yellow, very cloudy, had a low specific weight (1016) and a pH of 9. The dip stick suggested very high hemoglobin concentration. The sediment showed medium numbers of rounded epithelial cells, low numbers of leukocytes. Furthermore, a remarkable quantity of calcium carbonate crystals was present. Urine and plasma chemistry and fractional clearance revealed the following: high blood urea and Ca concentration. The FE of Na and GGT/Creatinine ratio both were increased. These results suggested chronic renal insufficiency and co-existent urinary tract inflammation. Trans-abdominal ultrasound of the kidneys was performed. The left kidney was normal both in size and appearance of medulla, cortex and pyelum. The right kidney appeared morphologically modified such that the border between cortex and medulla could not be identified clearly. At cystoscopy the floor of urinary bladder could not be seen, due to the large quantities of sludge and grainy gravel deposited on it. However, cystic calculi were not identified. The apex vesicae was highly inflamed, with necrotic changes that were coated with gravel and fibrin. Both ureters were highly dilated (thicker than a finger) and appeared to secrete a cloudy fluid. The endoscopic diagnosis was advanced ulcerative sabalous cystitis, and dilated ureters. Because of the poor prognosis of the case the owner decided to have the mare be euthanized. The gross pathology showed a dilated pyelum in both kidneys. The pyelum was filled with gravel. Both ureters were dilated and filled with gravel too. The bladder wall was thickened and just in cranial to its opening, a soft conglomerate of gravel (7x5x0.5cm) was present. The urethra was also filled but not blocked with this gravel. Histopathology showed chronic interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis and pyelitis. The muscularis of the bladder was chronically inflamed. The final main diagnosis was chronic sabalous cystitis with subsequent chronic inflammation of the ureters and chronic interstitial nephritis. Keywords: Mare, Chronic cystitis, Cystoscopy Olgu Sunumu: Bir Kısrakta Tekrarlayan Sistitis ÖzetGeçmişinde tekrarlayan sistitis tedavisi gördüğü bildirilen, 20 yaşlı Avusturya kısrağı polidipsi, polüri ve idrar tutamama şikayeti ile Viyana Üniversitesi Veteriner Üniversitesine sevk edildi. İdrar örneği açık sarı, bulanık, özgül ağırlığı 1.016 ve pH'sı ise 9 olarak tespit edildi. İdrar analizinde yüksek konsantrasyonda hemoglobin varlığı ölçüldü. İdrar kalsiyum içeriği orta derecede olup, sedimentte yuvarlak epitel hücresi belirlendi ve düşük sayıda lökosit hücresi sayıldı. Ayrıca sediment analizinde belirgin derecede kalsiyum karbonat kristalleri mevcuttu. Kan üre, kalsiyum ve sodyum seviyelerindeki artış ile GGT/Kreatinin oranı kronik böbrek yetmezliği ve tekrarlayan sistitis ile uyumluydu. Böbreklerin tr...

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Chronic renal failure and urolithiasis in a 2‐years‐old colt

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Unilateral nephrolithiasis with renal rupture in a horse

Unilateral nephrolithiasis with renal rupture in a horse

Ultrasonographic Appearance of the Lower Urinary Tract in Fifteen Normal Horses

A Case Report: Recurrent Cystitis in A Mare

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