Chronic psychosis related to benzydamine hydrochloride abuse

Gürü, Meltem; Şafak, Yasir; Cengiz, Gül Ferda; Kuru, Erkan; Örsel, Sibel

doi:10.1080/13554794.2019.1617318

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…500-3000 mg) to reach stimulant effects on the CNS (e.g. euphoria; hyperreactivity; insomnia; abnormal behaviour; and psychotic symptoms, including paranoia and visual hallucinations) [109][110][111][112][113][114][115]. BZY diversion issues might involve young people and the concomitant use of alcohol/cannabis [38][39]43].…”

Section: Benzydamine (Bzy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse

Chiappini¹,

Guirguis²,

Corkery³

et al. 2020

The Pharmaceutical Journal

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There have been increasing reports of misuse of a range of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for recreational purposes. The use of psychoactive pharmaceuticals and 'pharming' are new, widespread phenomena involving the non-medical use of prescription and OTC drugs, which are recreationally used to achieve psychoactive effects either on their own or in combination with other substances. This article provides an overview of the topic, focusing on a range of medicines (e.g. prescription medicines such as quetiapine, gabapentinoids, Z-drugs, bupropion, venlafaxine, and over-thecounter medicines such as loperamide, dextromethorphan, benzydamine, promethazine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine and hyoscine butylbromide) that have emerged as misused and diverted, or already described through the literature, as well as recorded by drug users' online websites reporting new trends and experimentations of drug abuse. This rapidly changing drug scenario represents a challenge for pharmacy, psychiatry, public health and drug control policies. Moreover, possibly resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, drug use-habits and availability have changed, causing a shift in behaviours relating to both prescription and OTC medicines. Healthcare professionals should be aware of potential prescription drugs diversion, recognise misuse cases, consider the possibility of polydrug misuse, and prevent it where possible. Pharmacists can play a key role in preventing and reducing drug abuse and should be involved in evidence-based actions to detect, understand and prevent drug diversion activities and the adverse effects of drug-misuse.

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Section: Benzydamine (Bzy)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse

Chiappini¹,

Guirguis²,

Corkery³

et al. 2020

The Pharmaceutical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Table 1 summarizes the main findings emerging from the retrieved papers organized consistent with the design of the study. They included five case reports [ 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 19 ]; four surveys (one conducted in Poland [ 26 ] among pharmacists and three in Brazil among users [ 12 , 16 , 27 ]); and two retrospective case series analyses [ 10 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BZY was included in April 2010 in the list of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) by the European Monitoring Agency for Drugs and Drug Abuse (EMCDDA) and by Europol [7]. Consistent with this, in Turkey BZY was moved in 2012 into prescription status [8].…”

Section: Misusing Issues Regarding Bzymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It inhibits phagocyte degranulation and aggregation, production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes, and leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. The maximum oral daily dose of BZY is 150-200mg and psychiatric adverse effects have not been reported at this dosage [8]. Relatively little is known about the effects of BZY on the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dose-dependent psychotropic effects, including anxiety, agitation, paranoia, and hallucinations; specifically visual hallucinations, with insects and monsters being reported [ 5 , 9 , 11 , 12 ], have been described. So-called BZY “trips” are anecdotally characterized by feelings of happiness, euphoria, and ego-dystonic hallucinatory experiences [ 8 ], which generally appear to resolve spontaneously in 2-3 days [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse

Chiappini

Miuli

Mosca

et al. 2021

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Background: Both prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recently emerged among novel psychoactive substances (NPS) being reported as ingested for recreational purposes. Among them, benzydamine (BZY), normally prescribed as an OTC anti-inflammatory drug, is reportedly being diverted and recreationally used. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate how the misuse of BZY has been reported, illustrating its psychotropic molecular mechanism, and studying its psychopathological effects. Methods: We firstly conducted a systematic review of the literature concerning the abuse of BZY and its effects. For data gathering purposes, both PRISMA and PROSPERO guidelines were followed. All research methods were approved by PROSPERO (identification code CRD42020187266). Second, we analysed BZY-related data from the European Monitoring Agency (EMA) Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) database recorded during 2005-2020 regarding its abuse. Results: Eleven articles, published during 1997-2019, were included in our systematic review, including five case reports, four surveys, and two retrospective case series analyses. While nine articles dealt with a recreational use of BZY, two described an oral overdose of the drug. When specified, dosages of BZY consumed ranged from 500 to 1500mg. The EMA dataset contained three cases of BZY abuse. Conclusion: Results from the systematic review showed BZY might be diverted for typical hallucinogenic properties which occur at high dosages. Healthcare professionals should be warned about a possible misuse/abuse of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug and be vigilant when prescribing it. Physicians working in emergency units should know that psychotic symptoms may be related to BZY abuse.

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Benzydamine abuse/overdose

2019

Reactions Weekly

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Chronic psychosis related to benzydamine hydrochloride abuse

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse

Misuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs to obtain illicit highs: how pharmacists can prevent abuse

The Benzydamine Experience: A Systematic Review of Benzydamine Abuse

Benzydamine abuse/overdose

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