Chronic paternal alcohol exposures induce dose-dependent changes in offspring craniofacial shape and symmetry
Samantha L. Higgins,
Sanat S. Bhadsavle,
Matthew N. Gaytan
et al.
Abstract:Although dose-response analyses are a fundamental tool in developmental toxicology, few studies have examined the impacts of toxicant dose on the non-genetic paternal inheritance of offspring disease and dysgenesis. In this study, we used geometric morphometric analyses to examine the impacts of different levels of preconception paternal alcohol exposure on offspring craniofacial shape and symmetry in a mouse model. Procrustes ANOVA followed by canonical variant analysis of geometric facial relationships revea… Show more
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