Chronic Opium Treatment Can Differentially Induce Brain and Liver Cells Apoptosis in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Male and Female Rats

Asiabanha, Majid; Asadikaram, Gholamreza; Rahnema, Amir; Mahmoodi, Mehdi; Hasanshahi, Gholamhosein; Hashemi, Mohammad; Khaksari, Mohammad

doi:10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.6.327

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Asiabanha et al. () examined the influence of opium exposure by i.p. on brain and liver cells apoptosis in male and female diabetic and non‐diabetic rats.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Poppy seeds are obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). They are used as food and to produce edible oil. The opium poppy plant contains narcotic alkaloids such as morphine and codeine. Poppy seeds do not contain the opium alkaloids, but can become contaminated with alkaloids as a result of pest damage and during harvesting. The European Commission asked EFSA to provide an update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds. The assessment is based on data on morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, noscapine and papaverine in poppy seed samples. The CONTAM Panel confirms the acute reference dose (ARfD) of 10 lg morphine/kg body weight (bw) and concluded that the concentration of codeine in the poppy seed samples should be taken into account by converting codeine to morphine equivalents, using a factor of 0.2. The ARfD is therefore a group ARfD for morphine and codeine, expressed in morphine equivalents. Mean and high levels of dietary exposure to morphine equivalents from poppy seeds considered to have high levels of opium alkaloids (i.e. poppy seeds from varieties primarily grown for pharmaceutical use) exceed the ARfD in most age groups. For poppy seeds considered to have relatively low concentrations of opium alkaloids (i.e. primarily varieties for food use), some exceedance of the ARfD is also seen at high levels of dietary exposure in most surveys. For noscapine and papaverine, the available data do not allow making a hazard characterisation. However, comparison of the dietary exposure to the recommended therapeutical doses does not suggest a health concern for these alkaloids. For thebaine and oripavine, no risk characterisation was done due to insufficient data. However, for thebaine, limited evidence indicates a higher acute lethality than for morphine and the estimated exposure could present a health risk.

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“…Asiabanha et al. () examined the influence of opium exposure by i.p. on brain and liver cells apoptosis in male and female diabetic and non‐diabetic rats.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Knutsen¹,

Alexander²,

Barregård³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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“…The results of this study demonstrated improved analgesic effects of intravenous patient controlled analgesia with ketamine on postoperative pain in opium abusers. The effects of chronic opium abuse in altering the threshold of pain tolerance have previously been studied in a number of studies since the issue became a high priority in acute pain research ( 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 28 - 32 ). On the other hand, among this large list, there are not many studies that have assessed the effects of ketamine in postoperative pain suppression in these patients ( 17 , 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Intravenous Patient Controlled Ketamine Analgesiaon Postoperative Pain in Opium Abusers

et al. 2014

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Background:Acutepostoperative pain is among the worst experience that patient scan undergo, and many analgesics have been used to suppress it; especially in chronic opium abusers. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist analgesic, having both anesthetic and analgesic properties, which are not affected to the same extent in chronic opium abusers.Objectives:In this study, we assessed the analgesic effects of ketamine added to morphine as a patient-controlled analgesia method for acute pain management, compared with a placebo, inchronic maleopium abusers.Patients and Methods:After institutional review board approval for ethical considerations, a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 140 male patients aged 18-65 years, undergoing orthopedic surgery, were entered into the study after matching inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients received the same anesthesia method; while the first group received ketamine (1mg/mL) and morphine (0.5 mg/mL) as a patient-controlled analgesia (70 patients), the second group received morphine (0.5 mg/mL) plus normal saline (70 patients). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The ketamine and morphine group of patients experienced less postoperative pain and required less postoperative rescue analgesia. However, the unwanted postoperative side effects were nearly the same; although increased levels of postoperative nausea and vomiting were observed in the ketamine and morphine groupConclusions:This study demonstrated improved analgesic effects after using intravenous patient controlled analgesia with ketamine on postoperative pain in opium abusers.

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“…The withdrawal signs in opium-dependent rats were detected from the 5th day of opium injection. These signs which were occasionally studied for a short duration previous to the next injection were wet-dog shakes as the first sign, and then head shakes, irritability, hyperactivity, ptosis, and writhing ( 6 ). Immediately after the rats were killed, the ovaries were removed and embedded in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 containing 3.7% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tissues were then transferred to xylenes and were rinsed twice for 1 hour. Tissues were fixed in molten paraffin wax (58 ºC) for 1 hour, and were then embedded again by fresh paraffin wax ( 6 ). The apoptotic nuclei DNA fragmentation was assessed by the TUNEL technique using the in situ cell death detection kit based on the manufacturer’s kit manual that has been described previously ( 6 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Opium contains 8 - 17% morphine, 1 - 10% noscapnie, 0.5 - 15% papaverine and 0.7 - 5% codeine and is used as a raw material in production of the mention alkaloids ( 2 ). Consumption of opium can effect some biochemical factors ( 3 , 4 ), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) ( 5 ), and causes brain and liver cells’ apoptosis ( 6 ). Considerable evidence is available suggesting that morphine ( 7 - 9 ), noscapine ( 10 - 13 ), codeine ( 14 ) and papaverine ( 15 ) have apoptotic activity in vitro and in vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ovary Cells Apoptosis in Opium-Addicted Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats

Asadikaram

Asiabanha

Sabet

2013

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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BackgroundApoptosis is a physiological mechanism of cell death and it can be triggered by a variety of internal and external stimuli. It has been indicated that some opium derivatives develop cell apoptosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of opium addiction on ovary cell apoptosis in diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats.Materials and MethodsThis experimental study was done on control, control-addicted, diabetic and diabetic-addicted rats. DNA fragmentation as a biomarker of apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay.ResultsThe blood glucose concentration in diabetic-addicted and diabetic rats was increased when compared to control (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between weights of control, control-addicted (non-diabetic) and diabetic-addicted groups during this study. The results of this study indicated that apoptosis in addicted and diabetic-addicted ovary cells was significantly higher than in diabetic group, and also apoptosis in addicted group was significantly more than the control rats. In addition, we found that ovary cells apoptosis of diabetic rats were significantly less than in control group.ConclusionsOverall, these findings suggest that opium-addiction could play an important role in ovary cell apoptosis and could be very harmful for the reproductive system. Also, ovary cells of non-diabetic rats are more susceptible to opium-induced apoptosis than those of diabetic.

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Chronic Opium Treatment Can Differentially Induce Brain and Liver Cells Apoptosis in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Male and Female Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Update of the Scientific Opinion on opium alkaloids in poppy seeds

Effect of Intravenous Patient Controlled Ketamine Analgesiaon Postoperative Pain in Opium Abusers

Ovary Cells Apoptosis in Opium-Addicted Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats

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