Chronic Non-Communicable Disease as a New Epidemic in Africa: Focus on The Gambia

Omoleke, Semeeh Akinwale

doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.14.87.1899

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar to other studies (6, 23–25), increasing age, being female, being separated or widowed, being Coloured or Asian, having no schooling, having greater wealth, and residing in an urban area were associated with the presence of chronic conditions. Interventions geared towards equitable health service delivery, like South Africa's National Health Insurance (26), should aim to reach for and achieve sustained benefits for the elderly with the above-mentioned characteristics as they are at higher risk for NCDs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Self-reported prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and associated factors among older adults in South Africa

Phaswana‐Mafuya

Peltzer

Chirinda

et al. 2013

Global Health Action

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IntroductionLittle is known about the prevalence and predictors of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) of older adults in South Africa. This study aims to investigate the self-reported prevalences of major chronic NCDs and their predictors among older South Africans.MethodsWe conducted a national population-based cross-sectional survey with a sample of 3,840 individuals aged 50 years or above in South Africa in 2008. The outcome variable was the self-reported presence of chronic NCDs suffered, namely, arthritis, stroke, angina, diabetes, chronic lung disease, asthma, depression, and hypertension. The exposure variables were sociodemographic characteristics: age, gender, education, wealth status, race, marital status, and residence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic factors predictive of the presence of chronic NCDs.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic NCDs was 51.8%. The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) was 22.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female, being in age groups 60–79 and 70–79, being Coloured or Asian, having no schooling, having greater wealth, and residing in an urban area were associated with the presence of NCDs.ConclusionThe rising burden of chronic NCDs affecting older people places a heavy burden on the healthcare system as a result of increased demand and access to healthcare services. Concerted effort is needed to develop strategies for the prevention and management of NCDs, especially among economically disadvantaged individuals who need these services the most.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Self-reported prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and associated factors among older adults in South Africa

Phaswana‐Mafuya

Peltzer

Chirinda

et al. 2013

Global Health Action

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“…Since most of specialized centers for management of DM are not readily available in Benin and Sub-Saharan Africa, communication for behavioral change should be emphasized [36] [37]. Indeed, several DM risk factors are amenable to change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Benin

Kpozéhouen¹,

Djrolo²,

Sossa³

et al. 2015

OJEpi

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Background: Data on diabetes mellitus in general population in Benin is scarce. This study aimed therefore to assess prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Benin. Methods: The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey, using the World Health Organisation (WHO)'s instrument for stepwise surveillance (STEPS) of non-communicable diseases risk factors. A five-stage random sample of 25 to 64 years old male and female adults living in Benin participated in structured interviews and their size, weight and blood pressure were measured according to standardized procedures. Glycaemia was measured using ACCUTREND ® test strips for capillary blood glucose. Prevalence and means were computed with their 95% confidence interval and standard error respectively, taking into account the sampling design. Prevalence was compared by Khi 2 and means by Student's t test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify socio-demographic diabetes's risk factors. Results: A total of 3772 adults participated in the study. The average age of respondents was 44.2 years. Overall, 68.3% of subjects were illiterate, 82.4% lived in rural areas, 82.57% were self-employed, 20% overweight, 7.51% obese and the prevalence * Corresponding author. of hypertension was 29.5 p.100. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 1.4 p.100 [CI95% = (0.94:2.05)]. This prevalence was higher in men than in women (2.1% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.0031). This prevalence was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The Littoral department had the highest prevalence (3.4%), followed by the Collines department (2.7%), Donga (2.4%) and Borgou (2.3%). As many as 49.3% of subjects diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were not aware of their status. The age group of 56-64 years had the highest risk [OR = 6.6, IC95% = (1.6; 22.4)]. The risk of diabetes was higher in people living in urban areas than in people living in rural areas [OR = 3.04 CI95% = (1.6; 6.0)]. After controlling for confounding factors, risk factors of diabetes were gender, men being more at risk than women (p = 0.002) age from 55 to 64 years (p = 0.009), overweight (p < 0.0001) and obesity (p = 0.002). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that diabetes mellitus was common in Benin. The prevalence of diabetes is more likely to increase in regard to the nutritional transitions (diet) and the accelerating urbanization of Benin. Communication campaigns for behavioral change are needed to slow down or even reverse this trend.

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“…Such education should lead to diet modification, increased physical exercise and lifestyle changes including the promotion of weight loss [12,13]. These educational programs should help people assess their risks of diabetes, motivate them to seek proper treatment and care and inspire them to take charge of their disease [7,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients in the Gambia: a strong case for health education and promotion

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAwareness of various aspects of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is essential for the prevention, management and control of the disease. However, several studies have consistently shown that awareness of DM in the general population is low. None of these studies, however, was conducted in The Gambia, even though the condition constitutes a major public health problem in the country. In this paper, we assessed the awareness of DM among diabetic patients attending the Medical Out-Patient Department (MOPD) of Royal Victoria Teaching Hospital (RVTH), Banjul.MethodsWe interviewed 200 patients attending the MOPD of RVTH. We used a tool containing questions on patient’s demographic characteristics and awareness of various aspects of DM including general knowledge on DM, causes, complications, management and prevention.ResultsOf the 199 patients who were aware of their condition, only 47% said they knew what DM is. Similarly, 53% of the study participants had no knowledge of the causes of DM and about 50% were not aware of the methods of prevention. 67% knew that DM can result to loss of sight while 46.5% knew that DM can cause poor wound healing. Few respondents knew that DM can lead to kidney failure (13.5%), skin sepsis (12.0%), heart failure (5.5%) and stroke (4.5%). Close to 50% of the respondent did not know how DM can be prevented. Level of education, duration of illness and knowledge of a family member with diabetes were important predictors of knowledge in our study.ConclusionOur study shows that the majority of patients attending the MOPD have poor knowledge on several aspects of DM. Hence, there is need for conscious efforts towards improving the level of awareness through health education and promotion, not limited to the hospital but also within the general population, as part of strategies to prevent, manage and control DM.

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Chronic Non-Communicable Disease as a New Epidemic in Africa: Focus on The Gambia

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Self-reported prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and associated factors among older adults in South Africa

Self-reported prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and associated factors among older adults in South Africa

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in Benin

Awareness of diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients in the Gambia: a strong case for health education and promotion

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