Chronic Nicotine Treatment Leads to Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Locus Ceruleus Neurons: The Role of Transcriptional Activation

Sun, Baoyong; Chen, Xiqun; Lu, Xu; Sterling, C. R.; Tank, A. William

doi:10.1124/mol.104.001974

Cited by 38 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However the increased transcription, at least for TH, is not sustained afterwards, and post-transcriptional mechanisms are likely important to maintain the prolonged increase in mRNA levels in LC following repeated stress (Serova et al 1999;Sun et al 2004).…”

Section: Immobilization Stressmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Influence of prior experience with homotypic or heterotypic stressor on stress reactivity in catecholaminergic systems

Sabban

Serova

2007

Stress

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Here we review how prior experience with stress alters the response to a subsequent homotypic or heterotypic stressor, focusing on the catecholaminergic systems in the adrenal medulla and the locus coeruleus (LC). The changes in response to homotypic stress differ depending on the stressor applied. With immobilization stress (IMO), transcriptional responses in the adrenal medulla to a single exposure are pronounced and several of the transcription factors and signaling kinases induced or activated are reviewed and compared to the longer term alterations with repeated stress, consistent with persistent activation of gene expression of catecholamine (CA) biosynthetic enzymes. In the LC, transcriptional and post-transcriptional activation of gene expression are shown to be important. Repeated IMO stress triggers further activation of a number of signalling pathways. Neither adrenal medulla nor LC display habituation to long term repeated stress. In contrast, gene expression for CA biosynthetic enzymes habituates to prolonged cold stress in the adrenal medulla and LC, but displays an exaggerated response with exposure to a novel or heterotypic stressor such as IMO. Some of the transcriptional pathways displaying sensitization are described.

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Section: Immobilization Stressmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…With regard to IMO stress, even a single exposure elicits about a 3 -4-fold elevation in TH mRNA expression in the rat LC (Serova et al 1999;Sun et al 2004). This is reflected by elevated transcription (Serova et al 1999;Osterhout et al 2002).…”

Section: Immobilization Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of prior experience with homotypic or heterotypic stressor on stress reactivity in catecholaminergic systems

Sabban

Serova

2007

Stress

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“…1C). This assay was used in several of our previous studies to detect induction of TH mRNA in adrenal medulla, locus coeruleus, and pheochromocytoma cell lines (Sun et al, 2003;Sun et al, 2004;Yoshimura et al, 2004;Osterhout et al, 2005). An example of an autoradiogram showing results of this assay using midbrain slice RNA samples is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Th Protein and Th Activity Were Increased In Midbrain Slice mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Translation by cAMP in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Chen¹,

Lu²,

Radcliffe³

et al. 2008

Mol Pharmacol

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During prolonged stress or chronic treatment with neurotoxins, robust compensatory mechanisms occur that maintain sufficient levels of catecholamine neurotransmitters in terminal regions. One of these mechanisms is the up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the enzyme that controls catecholamine biosynthesis. In neurons of the periphery and locus coeruleus, this up-regulation is associated with an initial induction of TH mRNA. In contrast, this induction either does not occur or it is nominal in mesencephalic dopamine neurons. The reasons for this lack of compensatory TH mRNA induction remain obscure, because so little is known about the regulation of TH expression in these neurons. In this study, we test whether activation of the cAMP signaling pathway regulates TH gene expression in two rodent models of midbrain dopamine neurons, ventral midbrain organotypic slice cultures and MN9D cells. Our results demonstrate that elevation of cAMP leads to induction of TH protein and TH activity in both model systems; however, TH mRNA levels are not up-regulated by cAMP. The induction of TH protein is the result of a novel post-transcriptional mechanism that activates TH mRNA translation. This translational activation is mediated by sequences within the 3Ј untranslated region (UTR) of TH mRNA. Our results support a model in which cAMP induces or activates trans-factors that interact with the TH mRNA 3ЈUTR to increase TH protein synthesis. An understanding of this novel regulatory mechanism may help to explain the control of TH gene expression and consequently dopamine biosynthesis in midbrain neurons under different physiological and pathological conditions.

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“…The alkaloid also acts at the target cells modulating the intracellular signaling (Dajas-Bailador and Wonnacott 2004) and regulating the expression of genes like dopamine (Serova and Sabban 2002), tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y (Matta et al 1997;Li et al 2000;Sun et al 2004), c-fos and c-jun (Greenberg et al 1986;Valentine et al 1996;Salminen et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System by Nicotine in WKY and SHR Glia

2008

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Given that (1) the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is compartmentalized within the central nervous system in neurons and glia (2) the major source of brain angiotensinogen is the glial cells, (3) the importance of RAS in the central control of blood pressure, and (4) nicotine increases the probability of development of hypertension associated to genetic predisposition; the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine on the RAS in cultured glial cells from the brainstem and hypothalamus of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Ligand binding, real-time PCR and western blotting assays were used to compare the expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin II type1 receptors. We demonstrate, for the first time, that there are significant differences in the basal levels of RAS components between WKY and SHR rats in glia from 1-day-old rats. We also observed that nicotine is able to modulate the renin-angiotensin system in glial cells from the brainstem and hypothalamus and that the SHR responses were more pronounced than WKY ones. The present data suggest that nicotine effects on the RAS might collaborate to the development of neurogenic hypertension in SHR through modulation of glial cells.

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Chronic Nicotine Treatment Leads to Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Locus Ceruleus Neurons: The Role of Transcriptional Activation

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of prior experience with homotypic or heterotypic stressor on stress reactivity in catecholaminergic systems

Influence of prior experience with homotypic or heterotypic stressor on stress reactivity in catecholaminergic systems

Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Translation by cAMP in Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons

Differential Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin System by Nicotine in WKY and SHR Glia

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