Chronic neurological diseases and COVID-19: Associations and considerations

Meshkat, Shakila; Salimi, Amir; Joshaghanian, Asef; Sedighi, Sogol; Sedighi, Saman; Aghamollaii, Vajiheh

doi:10.1515/tnsci-2020-0141

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Besides, SARS-CoV-2 may utilize peripheral nerves like the trigeminal nerve that has sensory innervation of the vagus nerve or the nociceptive cells that originate from the brain stem and supplies to several regions of the respiratory tract like the trachea, larynx, and lungs ( Koyuncu et al, 2013 ; Meshkat et al, 2020 ). Previous evidence suggests the possibility of direct brainstem invasion by the viruses (particularly with pseudorabies virus) through chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors found in the lungs as well as in the lower respiratory tract ( Hadziefendic and Haxhiu, 1999 ), a possible way that can be adopted by SARS-CoV-2 to invade the CNS.…”

Section: Plausible Neurotropic and Neuroinvasive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted

Borah

Deb

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and invade the human cells to cause COVID-19-related pneumonia. Despite an emphasis on respiratory complications, the evidence of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly growing, which is substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. The neurological disorders associated with COVID-19 may have several pathophysiological underpinnings, which are yet to be explored. Hypothetically, SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) either by direct mechanisms like neuronal retrograde dissemination and hematogenous dissemination, or via indirect pathways. CNS complications associated with COVID-19 include encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, diffuse leukoencephalopathy, stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic), venous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. These may result from different mechanisms, including direct virus infection of the CNS, virus-induced hyper-inflammatory states, and post-infection immune responses. On the other hand, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and myopathy are the outcomes of peripheral nervous system injury. Although the therapeutic potential of certain repurposed drugs has led to their off-label use against COVID-19, such as anti-retroviral drugs (remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir-ritonavir combination), biologics (tocilizumab), antibiotics (azithromycin), antiparasitics (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), and corticosteroids (dexamethasone), unfortunately, the associated clinical neuropsychiatric adverse events remains a critical issue. Therefore, COVID-19 represents a major threat to the field of neuropsychiatry, as both the virus and the potential therapies may induce neurologic as well as psychiatric disorders. Notably, potential COVID-19 medications may also interact with the medications of pre-existing neuropsychiatric diseases, thereby further complicating the condition. From this perspective, this review will discuss the possible neurological manifestations and sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection with emphasis on the probable underlying neurotropic mechanisms. Additionally, we will highlight the concurrence of COVID-19 treatment-associated neuropsychiatric events and possible clinically relevant drug interactions, to provide a useful framework and help researchers, especially the neurologists in understanding the neurologic facets of the ongoing pandemic to control the morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Plausible Neurotropic and Neuroinvasive Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted

Borah

Deb

Chandrasekaran

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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show abstract

“…Important efforts have been made in order to provide adequate care for neurological conditions, 10 such as the rapid development of telemedicine 11 . Nevertheless, support networks have become less accessible 12,13 or have been cancelled, 14 which may have also negatively affected the QoL of PWE, considering the possible effects of social isolation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium‐term changes in patients with epilepsy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Objectives The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to social distancing measures and impaired medical care of chronic neurological diseases, including epilepsy, which may have adversely affected well‐being and quality of life of patients with epilepsy (PWE). The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in the levels of anxiety, depression, somnolence, and quality of life using validated scales in PWE in real‐life clinical practice. Materials & Methods Self‐administered scales of anxiety disorders (GAD‐7), depression (NDDI‐E), somnolence (Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ESS), and quality of life (QOLIE‐31‐P) in PWE treated in a Refractory Epilepsy Unit were longitudinally analyzed. Data were collected before the beginning (December 2019 – March 2020) and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (September 2020–January 2021). Results 158 patients (85 from the first round and 73 from the second round) 45.0 ± 17.3 years of age, 43.2% women, epilepsy duration 23.0 ± 14.9 years, number of antiepileptic drugs 2.1 ± 1.4, completed the survey. Significant longitudinal reduction of QOLIE‐31‐P (from 58.9 ± 19.7 to 56.2 ± 16.2, p = .035) and GAD‐7 scores (from 8.8 ± 6.2 to 8.3 ± 5.9, corrected p = .024) was identified. No statistically significant longitudinal changes in the number of seizures (from 0.9 ± 1.9 to 2.5 ± 6.2, p = .125) or NDDI‐E scores (from 12.3 ± 4.3 to 13.4 ± 4.4, p = .065) were found. Significant longitudinal increase of ESS (from 4.9 ± 3.7 to 7.4 ± 4.9, p = .001) was found. Conclusions During the COVID‐19 pandemic, quality of life and anxiety levels were lower in PWE, and sleepiness levels were raised, without seizure change.

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“…Limited studies are presenting the clinical features of COVID-19 in patients with BPH and the prognosis is still a matter of debate [16]. This study aimed to present the clinical and paraclinical features of COVD-19 patients with BPH and their outcome with one-month follow-up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Findings and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Case Series

Babaniamansour¹,

Atarodi²,

Babaniamansour³

et al. 2021

J Biomed Res Environ Sci

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is accompanied by high comorbidities and a worse prognosis in those with underlying diseases. Older men are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) accounts for a large portion of this population, so this study presented the clinical and paraclinical features of 20 COVID-19 patients with BPH and their outcome. The mean age of participants was 76.8 ± 7.9 years. Respiratory symptoms are the most common complaints and Ground glass and opacities infiltration were the most frequent findings in the chest computed tomography. Mostly the level of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase were high, but hemoglobin and lymphocyte count were low. They underwent standard management and all were discharged and stayed alive in the one-month follow-up. Besides the high prevalence of BPH and high mortality rate of COVID-19 in older men, the present study showed that COVID-19 patients with BPH had a good prognosis.

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Chronic neurological diseases and COVID-19: Associations and considerations

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted

Neurological Consequences of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Concurrence of Treatment-Induced Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events in COVID-19 Patients: Navigating the Uncharted

Medium‐term changes in patients with epilepsy during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Clinical Findings and Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Case Series

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