Chronic Myelopathies Associated With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I

Gout, Olivier; Gessain, Antoine; Bolgert, Françis; Saal, F; Tournier‐Lasserve, Elisabeth; Lasneret, J; Caudie, Christiane; Brunet, P; de-Thé, G; Lhermitte, F; Lyon-Caen, O.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520390021009

Cited by 34 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the French West Indies (FWI: Martinique and Guadeloupe), HTLV-1 seroprevalence in blood donors is around 0.3–0.4% (Cesaire et al, 1999; Rouet et al, 1999a,b) and in pregnant women from Martinique it is of around 2% (Denis et al, 1988; Mansuy et al, 1999). Furthermore, few hundreds of TSP/HAM and of ATL have been reported during the last 25 years in these islands (Vernant et al, 1987; Plumelle et al, 1993) and in immigrants in Metropolitan France (Gout et al, 1989; Gessain et al, 1990a,c; Besson et al, 2001). HTLV-1 is also endemic at a similar level in Trinidad and Tobago (Blattner et al, 1990; Daisley et al, 1991) as well as in Barbados (Riedel et al, 1989).…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous epidemiological studies have been performed in this continent, mainly in blood donors and in pregnant women (Courtois et al, 1990; Courouce et al, 1993; Nightingale et al, 1993; Zaaijer et al, 1994; Dalekos et al, 1995; Ferrante et al, 1997; Hale et al, 1997; Tuset et al, 1997; Poljak et al, 1998; Ades et al, 2000; Machuca et al, 2000; Tseliou et al, 2004, 2006; Vrielink and Reesink, 2004; Taylor et al, 2005; Davidson et al, 2006; Laperche et al, 2009; Brant et al, 2011). Furthermore, several large series of ATL and TSP/HAM have been reported (Gout et al, 1989; Rio et al, 1990; Plumelle et al, 1993; Martin et al, 2010; Ceesay et al, 2012). The most studied countries are the United Kingdom (UK), Metropolitan France, and Spain.…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More rarely, they originate from West Africa as Ghana or Sierra Leone. Concerning Metropolitan France, most of the persons originate from French West Indies as Martinique or Guadeloupe (Gout et al, 1989; Gessain et al, 1990c; Rio et al, 1990; Plumelle et al, 1993). They can also originate from West or Central Africa as Senegal, Mali, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, or Cameroon (Gessain et al, 1990b, 1992a; Rio et al, 1990; Mahe et al, 1994; Duval et al, 2010).…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTLV-1 seroprevalence in pregnant women is around 2.2–4.2% (Allain et al, 1992; Tortevoye et al, 2005) and it is around of 3.8–4.3% in rural Haitian populations (Schill et al, 1989; Grant et al, 1992). Furthermore, some series of ATL and TSP/HAM have been reported mainly in immigrants from this island living in France and the US (Vernant et al, 1987; Bhagavati et al, 1988; Gout et al, 1989; Gessain et al, 1990a; Besson et al, 2001). In the French West Indies (FWI: Martinique and Guadeloupe), HTLV-1 seroprevalence in blood donors is around 0.3–0.4% (Cesaire et al, 1999; Rouet et al, 1999a,b) and in pregnant women from Martinique it is of around 2% (Denis et al, 1988; Mansuy et al, 1999).…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Gessain¹,

Cassar²

2012

Front. Microbio.

1,149

1,152

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), identified as the first human oncogenic retrovirus 30 years ago, is not an ubiquitous virus. HTLV-1 is present throughout the world, with clusters of high endemicity located often nearby areas where the virus is nearly absent. The main HTLV-1 highly endemic regions are the Southwestern part of Japan, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, the Caribbean area, and foci in Middle East and Australo-Melanesia. The origin of this puzzling geographical or rather ethnic repartition is probably linked to a founder effect in some groups with the persistence of a high viral transmission rate. Despite different socio-economic and cultural environments, the HTLV-1 prevalence increases gradually with age, especially among women in all highly endemic areas. The three modes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother to child, sexual transmission, and transmission with contaminated blood products. Twenty years ago, de Thé and Bomford estimated the total number of HTLV-1 carriers to be 10–20 millions people. At that time, large regions had not been investigated, few population-based studies were available and the assays used for HTLV-1 serology were not enough specific. Despite the fact that there is still a lot of data lacking in large areas of the world and that most of the HTLV-1 studies concern only blood donors, pregnant women, or different selected patients or high-risk groups, we shall try based on the most recent data, to revisit the world distribution and the estimates of the number of HTLV-1 infected persons. Our best estimates range from 5–10 millions HTLV-1 infected individuals. However, these results were based on only approximately 1.5 billion of individuals originating from known HTLV-1 endemic areas with reliable available epidemiological data. Correct estimates in other highly populated regions, such as China, India, the Maghreb, and East Africa, is currently not possible, thus, the current number of HTLV-1 carriers is very probably much higher.

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Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Gessain¹,

Cassar²

2012

Front. Microbio.

1,149

1,152

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“…Moreover, a higher dose of AZT could inhibit HTLV-I proviral integration in an experimental model of HTLV-I associated adult T-ceilleukaerriia in rabbits (Isono et a/., 1990). However, no clinical improvement was seen when AZT was administered to patients (30mg kg-1 days-1) with HAMITSP for 10d (Gout et al, 1989).…”

Section: Antiviral Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses: Review and Prospects for Antiviral Therapy

Palker

1992

Antivir Chem Chemother

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The human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I, II) pose challenges to researchers and clinicians who seek to unveil mechanisms of viral transformation and pathogenesis. HTLV-I infection in humans is associated with a wide array of primary and secondary diseases ranging from mild immunosuppression to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a neurological degenerative syndrome. As retroviruses, HTLV-I and II share similar replicative cycles with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However, in contrast to HIV-I which destroys CD4+ T cells, HTLV-I and II can preferentially transform a CD4+ T-cell subset to an unrestricted growth state. HTLV-I and II, along with simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), form a phylogenetic group which is distinct from ungulate, non-human primate and human lentiviruses such as visna, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2. The proviral genome of HTLV-I is flanked at the 5′ and 3′ ends by long terminal repeats (LTR) and is further subdivided into structural gag and env genes, a pro gene encoding an aspartyl protease, a pol gene which encodes reverse transcriptase and endonuclease, and the regulatory gene elements tax and rex. Regions within the LTR contain recognition sites for cellular proteins and the tax gene product that collectively promote viral expression. Tax-mediated activation of cellular genes involved in growth and differentiation is suspected to play a dominant role in the leukaemogenic process associated with HTLV-I infection. Differential rex-regulated splicing of viral message gives rise to transcripts encoding the polyprotein precursor gag-pro-pol (unspliced), envelope (single spliced), or tax/rex (doubly spliced). The 100nm HTLV virion contains an electron-dense core surrounding a divalent-single stranded DNA genome. This core is in turn enclosed by concentric shells of matrix protein and an outer lipid bilayer, the latter acquired as the virus buds from the surface of the infected cell. Envelope glycoproteins associated with the outside of this lipid bilayer can interact with viral receptors on cells and mediate virus entry. Antiviral strategies have been directed at inhibiting viral entry into cells (sulphated and non-sulphated polysaccharides, vaccines), blocking of viral replication (AZT, suramin), intracellular immunization (transdominant repression of rex), and elimination of virus infected cells (IL-2 receptor-directed toxins). Serological screening of the blood supply and curtailing breast feeding of children by HTLV-I + mothers have likely had a major impact in preventing HTLV-I infection.

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Neurophysiological Investigation of the Spinal Cord

Schwartz¹,

Swash²

1992

Clinical Medicine and the Nervous System

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Chronic Myelopathies Associated With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Human T-cell Lymphotropic Viruses: Review and Prospects for Antiviral Therapy

Neurophysiological Investigation of the Spinal Cord

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