Chronic Melatonin Treatment Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Sleep Deprivation

Abstract

Sleep deprivation (SD) has been associated with memory impairment through induction of oxidative stress. Melatonin, which promotes the metabolism of many reactive oxygen species (ROS), has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, the effect of melatonin on memory impairment induced by 4 weeks of SD was investigated using rat animal model. Animals were sleep deprived using modified multiple platform model. Melatonin was administered via oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day). Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in the hippocampus following treatments were measured using ELISA procedure. The result revealed that SD impaired both short- and long-term memory (P < 0.05). Use of melatonin prevented memory impairment induced by SD. Furthermore, melatonin normalized SD-induced reduction in the hippocampus activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, melatonin enhanced the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione GSH/GSSG in sleep-deprived rats (P < 0.05) without affecting thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels (P > 0.05). In conclusion, SD induced memory impairment, which was prevented by melatonin. This was correlated with normalizing hippocampus antioxidant mechanisms during chronic SD.

L-carnitine prevents memory impairment induced by chronic REM-sleep deprivation

“…The results of this study shows that chronic REM-sleep deprivation (8hrs/day for 6 weeks) was associated with hippocampus dependent spatial memory impairment and this was supported by previous studies [9,11,12,15,44]. Also, it was reported that 24hrs of acute REM-sleep deprivation using the modified multiple platform model resulted in short-term memory impairment in RAWM [1].…”

“…Additionally, REM-sleep deprivation impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, which is considered a common cellular correlate of learning and memory functions [2,3,28,42]. REMSleep deprivation also elevated hippocampal oxidative stress, which was correlated with impairment of cognitive functions [9,11,14,15,59].…”

“…It can also be chronic sleep deprivation, where it includes daily sleep deprivation for several hours, typically 3-8 hrs/day; that lasts for weeks or months [11,13,29,44]. Multiple studies on human subjects and animal have shown that both acute [1,2,5,60,62,72] and chronic [9,11,12,15] REM-sleep deprivation produced memory defects in a number of behavioral tasks. Additionally, REM-sleep deprivation impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, which is considered a common cellular correlate of learning and memory functions [2,3,28,42].…”

Exogenous Melatonin for Delirium Prevention: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Recent evidence suggests that delirium may cause acute brain damage associated with delirium in both the short-and long-term cognitive functioning [11,42]. Melatonin was regarded to reduce oxidative stress and preserve the fluidity of biological membranes, which might keep the brain away from the neurotoxic damage [43][44][45][46]. However, the exact mechanism via which melatonin exerts its effects in delirium is not well known and needs to be further investigated.…”

Progression of Dementia Assessed by Temporal Correlations of Physical Activity: Results From a 3.5-Year, Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Patients with depression often have abnormal sleep-wake cycles and reduced circadian amplitudes in daily activity and other physiological functions171819232425; and treatment of depression with antidepressants helps to restore disrupted sleep and daily/circadian rhythms1819. (3) Timed bright light therapy that can improve sleep and SCN functioning is also beneficial for mood and cognition2627. (4) Most related to multiscale activity regulation, functional changes in the circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN) are accompanied by not only perturbed activity rhythms at ~24 hours2829 but also degraded temporal activity correlations at multiple time scales91030.…”