Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: New Concepts and Emerging Therapies

Abstract

Remarkable progress in elucidating the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been made over the last two decades. Improved understanding of CLL has lead to new prognostic tools and therapeutic options, and holds promise for eventually finding a cure for this disease. Challenges lie in incorporating the various treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapeutic strategies and novel small molecules, into a comprehensive treatment strategy guided by the biological complexity of CLL.

Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐ones from N‐Boc‐(β‐Arylethyl)carbamates via Isocyanate Intermediates

“…To compare their biological properties and deduce SAR correlations, the compounds were tested for antioxidant activity using ferric ion reducing FRAP and DPPH free radical scavenging tests. Anticarcinogenic potential was evaluated by measuring induction of cytoprotective Keap1‐Nrf2 signalling,16 and cytostatic potential in human leukemia cells 17. The combined approach identified 2‐styrylchromone 3k and chromanone 3r as promising novel benzopyran‐4‐one derivatives, which are now available for further investigation of the mechanisms underlying their biological activities.…”

Analysis of Syk Expression in Bovine Lymphoma and Persistent Lymphocytosis Induced by Bovine Leukemia Virus

“…Although PL and lymphoma both had CD5 + B-cell proliferation, the Syk mRNA expression in the tumor samples was significantly decreased compared with that of the PL samples. For neoplastic lymphocytes in CLL the anti-apoptosis effect is enhanced by Syk activation, in spite of reduced Syk mRNA expression [1,2,15]. Therefore, it is considered that activation of SFK and/or suppression of phosphatases promotes or maintains Syk activation.…”

“…In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), expression of Syk mRNA was found to be reduced in one study, but Syk was reported to be activated in another one, and also to work as an inhibitor of apoptosis [1,2,15]. On the other hand, Syk mRNA overexpression was detected in anaplastic lymphomakinase (ALK)-positive cells of anaplastic large cell lymphoma [28].…”

A New Cellular Weapon to Kill Leukaemic B-Cells = سلاح خلوي جديد لقتل خلايا ( ب ) المسببة لإبيضاض الدم

“…In addition, the use of monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab and alemtuzumab has added substantial benefit when combined with chemotherapy. 1,2 However, the ability to eradicate disease at a molecular level, and improve clinically relevant patient outcome measures, continue to pose difficult challenges. Regardless of the stage of the disease, most patients will relapse after initial treatment and become refractory to salvage chemotherapy with median overall survival ranging from 10 to 19 months.…”