Chronic Liver Disease in Ethiopia with a Particular Focus on the Etiological Spectrums: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Tesfaye, Behailu Terefe; Mulugeta, Temesgen; Bekele, Azmeraw; Gudina, Esayas Kebede; Yizengaw, Mengist Awoke

doi:10.1155/2021/8740157

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Chronic liver disease is Ethiopia’s 7th leading cause of death 50 and Chronic hepatitis B and C infections and chronic consumption of alcoholic beverages are the principal etiologic agents of CLD. 18 , 51 , 52 Today, the number of deaths related to AIDS markedly reduced due to the launching of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in low and middle-income regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where both HBV and HIV are highly prevalent. 11 However, viral hepatitis B and C-related liver disease are common among people living with HIV and are responsible for the death of co-infected individuals due to non-AIDS causes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chronic hepatitis B, C, and alcoholism-related CLD 17 , 18 and HIV infection 19 are common in Ethiopia, no scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV or HCV among CLD patients in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among CLD patients in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Tassachew¹,

Abebe²,

Belyhun³

et al. 2022

HMER

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Background The efficient use of antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced AIDS-related morbidities and mortalities; however, mortality due to non-AIDS-related end-stage liver diseases is escalating in those living with HIV. Objective The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients in Ethiopia. Methods Three hundred and forty-five CLD patients were included in this study in two groups: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=128) and non-HCC (n=217) patients. The non-HCC group comprised patients with advanced liver disease (n=98) and chronic hepatitis (n=119). Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine HBV and HCV infection markers. In addition, a serial rapid HIV testing algorithm was employed to screen HIV infection. Results Regardless of the stage of liver disease, the overall frequency of HIV was 4.3% (15/345), with a 2% (7/345) and 0.3% (1/345) of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection rate. Of all HIV-infected patients (n=15), 46.7% (7/15) and 6.7% (1/15) were co-infected with HBV (HBsAg + HBcAb + ) and HCV (anti-HCV + HCV-RNA + ), respectively, and 86.7% (13/15) exhibited a marker of HBV exposure (total HBcAb + ). Overall, the frequency of HIV and its co-infection with HBV was more noticeable among HCC than non-HCC patients [8.6% (11/128) vs 1.8 (4/217), p =0.005 and 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217), p =0.1]. The rate of HIV mono-infection was 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217) among HCC and non-HCC patients. Conclusion The frequency of HIV and its co-infections with HBV/HCV exhibited an increasing pattern with the severity of the liver disease. Thus, screening all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV infection and all CLD patients for HIV infection and taking necessary preventive measures would be an essential strategy to prevent the progression of CLD and death related to liver disease in people living with HIV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Tassachew¹,

Abebe²,

Belyhun³

et al. 2022

HMER

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Evaluation of aflatoxin content in “Cheka” (traditional beverage in South-Western Ethiopia) and its major ingredient (maize)

Kayola,

Gebre,

Addisu

et al. 2024

Discov Food

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Background Aflatoxin is a toxic cancerous fungal secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus species. Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated cereals and their products can cause several health-related effects including acute and chronic aflatoxicosis. This study aims to evaluate the total aflatoxin content in “Cheka” and its major ingredients using the Immuno-Affinity Column Clean-up technique by sensitive HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) with fluorescence detection. Methods This study followed a completely randomized experimental design to evaluate the level of aflatoxin in traditionally brewed “Cheka” and its major ingredients (maize) by HPLC from November 2019 to June 2020. Traditionally brewed 6 “Cheka” beverages and 6 maize seed samples were collected randomly from Konso and transported to Bless Agri Food Laboratory in Addis Ababa for laboratory evaluation of aflatoxin in samples. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 25. Results In the present study aflatoxin contamination was detected in all maize and “Cheka” samples. A mean total aflatoxin level of 6.78 ± 8.28 μg/kg and 10.76 ± 4.50 μg/kg were observed in maize and “Cheka” samples respectively. The maize taken from above-ground storage (“Gotera”) and underground storage (pitfall) showed a mean total aflatoxin level of 10.23 ± 10.12 μg/kg and 3.35 ± 5.79 μg/kg respectively. The samples taken from “Cheka” prepared from maize of above-ground storage (“Gotera”) and underground storage (pitfall) showed a mean total aflatoxin level of 11.34 ± 3.06 μg/kg and 10.19 ± 6.35 μg/kg respectively. Aflatoxin G family was not detected in both maize and “Cheka” samples while aflatoxin B1 and B2 contributed to the total aflatoxin level. AFB1 predominantly contributed to the contamination of all samples. Although there was no significant difference while comparing between mean total aflatoxin of any other sample types, a significant difference was observed for the AFB1 mean level of pitfall maize and their respective “Cheka” samples (P = 0.033). Conclusion The mean level of AFB1 in pitfall maize differs from a respective “Cheka” sample. As most of the samples evaluated for aflatoxin contamination showed levels above healthy cut-off points of aflatoxin set by different authorities like the European Union, CODEX, and Ethiopian Standards Agency, there must be a protracted interventional approach to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize and its products in the region.

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Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update

Devarbhavi¹,

Asrani²,

Arab³

et al. 2023

Journal of Hepatology

232

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Chronic Liver Disease in Ethiopia with a Particular Focus on the Etiological Spectrums: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Evaluation of aflatoxin content in “Cheka” (traditional beverage in South-Western Ethiopia) and its major ingredient (maize)

Global burden of liver disease: 2023 update

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