Chronic leucine supplementation does not prevent the obesity and metabolic abnormalities induced by monosodium glutamate

Ceglarek, Vanessa Marieli; Coelho, Mariana Lima; Coelho, Ricardo Lima; Almeida, Douglas Lopes; Rodrigues, Willian do Nascimento de Souza; Camargo, Rafael Ludmann; Barella, Luiz F.; Mathias, Paulo Cézar de Freitas; Grassiolli, Sabrina

doi:10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.11.001

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…14,15 However, inconsistent results have been reported for the effect of Leu supplementation on obesity in rodents. 17,18,40 The major findings of the present study are that oral administration of Leu (1.5% in drinking water) to rats increased concentrations of Leu in plasma by 69% and GFAT activity in ECs by 29%, while decreasing the synthesis of NO in ECs by 13% and whole-body insulin sensitivity by 8%. In addition, the following variables did not differ between Ala- and Leu-supplemented rats: (1) food and energy intakes; (2) masses of WAT, BAT, skeletal muscle, heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, testes, or the digestive tract; (3) rates of oxidation of energy substrates in BAT; (4) whole-body energy expenditure; (5) concentrations of glucose, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol in plasma; and (6) ratios of GSSG/GSH in tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Consistent with our results, Lee et al 49 found that adding branched-chain AAs (0.75% Leu, 0.48% isoleucine, and 0.53% valine) to drinking water for 38 weeks did not exacerbate insulin resistance in mice with a mild increase (~15%) in concentrations of Leu and isoleucine and no change in concentrations of valine in plasma. Nonetheless, in contrast to previous studies involving DIO rodents, 13–18,53,63 our experimental design ensured that intakes of energy and nutrients did not differ between LF- and HF-fed rats (Table 2), and therefore, there were no confounding factors (e.g. different intakes of energy and nutrients such as AAs, vitamins, and minerals) influencing the interpretation of data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 In contrast, dietary supplementation with 3.2% Leu for six weeks increased epididymal (EP) fat mass, while decreasing muscle mass in male rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. 16 Ceglarek et al 17 found that supplementation with 1.5% Leu in drinking water for 4 months did not prevent the development of obesity or metabolic abnormalities in rats receiving SC injections of monosodium glutamate during the neonatal period. Interestingly, oral administration of Leu at the same dose for 6 weeks exacerbated the adiposity of DIO rats.…”

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary supplementation with L-leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats

Tekwe,

Luan,

Meininger

et al. 2023

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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This study tested the hypothesis that elevated L-leucine concentrations in plasma reduce nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by endothelial cells (ECs) and affect adiposity in obese rats. Beginning at four weeks of age, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a casein-based low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 15 weeks. Thereafter, rats in the LF and HF groups were assigned randomly into one of two subgroups ( n = 8/subgroup) and received drinking water containing either 1.02% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) or 1.5% L-leucine for 12 weeks. The energy expenditure of the rats was determined at weeks 0, 6, and 11 of the supplementation period. At the end of the study, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all the rats immediately before being euthanized for the collection of tissues. HF feeding reduced ( P < 0.001) NO synthesis in ECs by 21% and whole-body insulin sensitivity by 19% but increased ( P < 0.001) glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (GFAT) activity in ECs by 42%. Oral administration of L-leucine decreased ( P < 0.05) NO synthesis in ECs by 14%, increased ( P < 0.05) GFAT activity in ECs by 35%, and reduced ( P < 0.05) whole-body insulin sensitivity by 14% in rats fed the LF diet but had no effect ( P > 0.05) on these variables in rats fed the HF diet. L-Leucine supplementation did not affect ( P > 0.05) weight gain, tissue masses (including white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), or antioxidative capacity (indicated by ratios of glutathione/glutathione disulfide) in LF- or HF-fed rats and did not worsen ( P > 0.05) adiposity, whole-body insulin sensitivity, or metabolic profiles in the plasma of obese rats. These results indicate that high concentrations of L-leucine promote glucosamine synthesis and impair NO production by ECs, possibly contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diet-induced obese rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary supplementation with L-leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats

Tekwe,

Luan,

Meininger

et al. 2023

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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“…This condition may be due to different induction routes. For example, a study in mice injected with 4g/kg body weight MSG subcutaneously showed an increase in adipose tissue deposition, hyperglycemia, insulin hypersecretion, and pancreatic beta-cell damage [82]. Similar studies showed similar results [83][84][85][86].…”

Section: -5mentioning

confidence: 77%

The effect of high carbohydrate and high MSG intake on body weight and white adipose tissue

Humardani

Tanaya

Mulyanata

et al. 2023

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Asians often consume foods high in carbohydrates with the addition of MSG as a flavor enhancer. Foods with high carbohydrates and MSG are predicted to be obesogen. This study aims to explore the effects of high carbohydrate (HC), high MSG (HMSG), and a combination of high carbohydrate and MSG (HCHMSG) intake with the onset of obesity. Seven-week-old male Swiss Webster strain mice (Mus musculus) (n = 40) were divided into four groups. The control group consisted of 57% carbohydrates, 9% fiber, and 6.11% fat. The HC group was given food intake consisting of 71% carbohydrate, 4.62% fiber, and 1.81% fat for 14 weeks; the HMSG group's diet consisted of 57% carbohydrates, 9% fiber, 6.11% fat with an additional 10% MSG and group HCHMSG diet consisted of 71% carbohydrates, 4.62% fiber and 1.81% fat with an additional 10% MSG. Significant weight gain (p < 0.05) began at the fourth week in HC and HCHMSG groups and the HMSG group in the sixth week. After 14 weeks of study the HC group (BW 45.07 ± 4.41; p < 0.05) and the HCHMSG group were obese (42,817 ± 7,149; p > 0.05). WAT increases significantly in both HC and HCHMSG groups.

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“…Furthermore, it did not restore the biochemical and structural parameters of the liver, adipose tissue and plasma to physiological levels [9]. Finally, models with leucine [61] and taurine [62]supplementation, as well as herbal treatment [63], showed a partial reduction in body adiposity and food intake, while there was an improvement in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to MSG-Induced Obesity Model

Zazula¹,

Saraiva²,

Theodoro³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG in-duction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. Animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg.g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg.g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). After, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, and increased adiposity, induction hyperinsulinemia, and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood were found, peripheral insulin resistance, reduced muscle mass, oxidative capacity, neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty in restoring the muscle profile are related to the metabolic damages established early.

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Chronic leucine supplementation does not prevent the obesity and metabolic abnormalities induced by monosodium glutamate

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Dietary supplementation with L-leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats

Dietary supplementation with L-leucine reduces nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells of rats

The effect of high carbohydrate and high MSG intake on body weight and white adipose tissue

Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to MSG-Induced Obesity Model

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