Chronic lead absorption. Result of poor ventilation in an indoor pistol range

Landrigan, Philip J.; McKinney, Alexander S.; Hopkins, Linton C.; Rhodes, Wallace W.; Price, William A.; Cox, Dennis H.

doi:10.1001/jama.234.4.394

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since the 1st data from 1970's and 1980's of lead poisoning in shooting instructors, security agents, and caretakers at shooting ranges, a decrease in BPb has been observed in the United States [19][20][21]. This study is the 1st study in Mexico regarding this type of workers and we found that only 1 shooting range caretaker had BPb levels (51.7 μg/dl) similar to those reported by Novotny et al in 1987 [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Blood lead determinants and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in firearm users in Mexico

Madrid¹,

Téllez-Cárdenas²,

Juárez-Pérez³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: To identify blood lead predictors and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in firearm users of public security in Mexico. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 65 males. We obtained sociooccupational data and determined venous blood lead (blood (B), lead (Pb) -BPb), as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Q-16 questionnaire. A multiple linear regression model was constructed to assess determinants of BPb. Results: The mean age in the study group was 34.8 years (standard deviation (SD) = 6.9, range: 21-60); the mean number of years spent in the company amounted to 14 years (SD = 8.5, range: 1-48). Twenty percent of the respondents (N = 13) used leaded glazed clay pottery (lead (Pb), glazed (G), and clay pottery (C) -PbGC) in the kitchen. During practice they fired a mean of 72 shots (SD = 60,, and during their whole duration of employment 5483 shots (SD = 8322.5, range: 200-50 000). The mean BPb was 7.6 μg/dl (SD = 6.8, range: 2.7-51.7). Two caretakers from the firing range had 29.6 μg/dl and 51.7 μg/dl BPb. The subjects who had shooting practice sessions ≥ 12 times a year reported a greater percentage of miscarriages in their partners (24% vs. 0%). Twelve percent of the respondents showed an increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms. The BPb multiple linear regression model explained R 2 = 44.15%, as follows: those who had ≥ 12 practice sessions per year -β = 0.5339 and those who used PbGC -β = 0.3651. Conclusions: Using firearms and PbGC contributes to the increased BPb in the studied personnel. The determinants of BPb were: shooting practices >12 times a year and using PbGC. Blood lead concentrations reported in the study, despite being low, are a health risk, as evidenced by the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Blood lead determinants and the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in firearm users in Mexico

Madrid¹,

Téllez-Cárdenas²,

Juárez-Pérez³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In 1974 three US police small-arms instructors developed symptomatic lead poisoning, with blood lead levels >80mcg/dL, after prolonged working at an indoor firing range (Landrigan et al 1975). The report into that incident was followed by others, and generated much concern amongst preventive medicine specialists in the British Army.…”

Section: Military Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Lead, isotopes and ice: a deadly legacy revealed

Bergman

2016

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“…As early as 1973 exposures to lead and other propellant fumes were identified as significant hazards in indoor firing ranges. ( Anania and Seta, 1975;Landrigan et al, 1975;Fischbein and Rice, 1979;Gregory, 1990;Novotny et al, 1987;Violence Policy Center, 2001). Subsequently, exposure levels have been set by a variety of professional and government regulatory organizations (NIOSH, EPA, HEW, ANSI, and ASHRAE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%