Chronic lateral ankle ligament instability - Current evidence and recent management advances

Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Case Series

“…Patients were referred from different outpatient orthopedic surgeons with the diagnosis of CLAI. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (1) aged >18 years; (2) a history of previous unilateral ankle sprain as relevant trauma and presenting pain spontaneously and upon palpating the lateral side of the ankle; (3) previously failed non-operative management (bracing, taping, and physical therapy); (4) a CAIT score of ≤25 [13]; (5) reporting instability sensations and failure during daily and/or sports activities; (6) no use of physical therapy or changes in shoes or orthotic devices during the study period; (7) positive results on anterior drawer and tilt test on physical examination. Exclusion criteria were previous surgery in the ankle/foot region, corticosteroid injection in the affected region within the last month, presence of open wounds or skin diseases in the area to be treated, systemic or local infection, coagulation disorders/prolongation of bleeding time (e.g., those receiving anticoagulant drug therapy), known or suspected joint infection, fracture in either lower extremity requiring realignment, constitutional hyperlaxity, and rheumatological disorders.…”

“…Current conservative approaches to CLAI include oral medication, physiotherapy, strengthening and balance programs, and orthosis use. These methods are mainly focused on relieving symptoms and compensating passive stabilization deficits [5]. To date, no definite, effective therapy has been introduced, leading to chronic use of ankle orthosis or surgery.…”