Chronic kidney disease-related atherosclerosis - proteomic studies of blood plasma

Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is considered the major cause of the dramatic increase in cardiovascular mortality among patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the close connection between atherosclerosis and kidney dysfunction is undeniable, factors enhancing CKD-mediated plaque formation are still not well recognized.ResultsTo increase our knowledge of this process we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of blood plasma proteins isolated from 75 patients in various stages of renal dysfunction (CKD group), 25 patients with advanced cardiovascular disease (CVD group) and 25 healthy volunteers (HV group). The collected samples were subjected to 2D electrophoresis. Then, individual proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The comparative analysis involving CKD and HV groups showed a differential accumulation of α-1-microglobulin, apolipoprotein A-IV, γ-fibrinogen and haptoglobin in patients with kidney disease. Exactly the same proteins were identified as differentially expressed when proteomes of CVD patients and HV were compared. However, a direct comparison of CKD and CVD groups revealed significant differences in the accumulation of two proteins: α-1-microglobulin and apolipoprotein A-IV.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate that at least two processes differentially contribute to the plaque formation in CKD- and CVD-mediated atherosclerosis. It seems that the inflammatory process is more intense in CKD patients. On the other hand, the down- and up-regulation of apolipoprotein A-IV in CVD and CKD groups, respectively, suggests that substantial differences exist in the efficacy of cholesterol transport in both groups of patients.

Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Carbonylated Proteins as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Selected Atherosclerosis-Mediated Diseases

“…In relation to complex etiology of atherosclerosis, the studies on its pathomechanism are still essential and should be continued. Several reports have indicated that two types of atherosclerosis are defined: “classic” associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and “nonclassic” CKD [8, 9]. The above-mentioned classification is based on differing mechanisms underlying the formation of CVD- and CKD-related plaques [10].…”

Apolipoprotein A‐IV concentrations and clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus – a post hoc analysis of the 4D Study

“…Whether these findings can be extrapolated to humans remains to be determined. Moreover, apoA-IV has anti-oxidative and anti-atherogenic properties in both mice and humans, implying that low apoA-IV concentrations increase the risk of coronary heart disease [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. To date, a limited number of studies have analysed the impact of apoA-IV in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and found a 2-to 3-fold elevation in apoA-IV in these patients [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Evaluation of Nutritional Biochemical Parameters in Haemodialysis Patients Over a Ten-Year Period

“…Serum albumin is an important nutritional marker that is used to identify malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease. Accordingly, various studies affirm that serum albumin levels lower than 3.5 g/dL are an important predictor for the mortality and hospitalization rate of haemodialysis patients, mainly because of cardiovascular problems (24).…”