Chronic kidney disease in disadvantaged populations

Garcia-Garcia, Guillermo; Jha, Vivekanand

doi:10.1007/s00467-014-2996-z

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The differences in the study population, lifestyle of study participants, sample size, or differences in availability of health-care services and utilization may also contribute to the differences. 9…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Even though, CKD is misconceived as a disease of affluent, developed, and developing nations, it is emerging in several low-income countries, resulting in a double burden on the population. 9,10 In these low-resource settings, end-stage renal disease is often a death sentence for a lot of people since renal replacement therapy is often unavailable or unaffordable. 11 The global increase in CKD is linked to its leading causes, mainly, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, and risk factors like family history of CKD, aging, and HIV/AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The global increase in CKD is linked to its leading causes, mainly, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, and risk factors like family history of CKD, aging, and HIV/AIDS. 12,13 Although a nationwide estimate of CKD is not available in Ethiopia, the rise in the leading causes (hypertension and DM), epidemiological transition, and increasing urbanization 9,10 necessitates studying the prevalence of CKD and its predictors in Ethiopia. Few existing studies conducted in Ethiopia failed to include key factors, like renal function tests and electrolyte findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients visiting renal unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

et al. 2022

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the magnitude of chronic kidney disease among patients attending the renal unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 620 randomly selected patients who visited St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College renal unit from 1 January to 31 December, 2019. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, behavioral risk factors, electrolytes, and renal function tests were extracted from patients’ medical records. To enter and analyze data, EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 22 were used, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to see the association between predictor variables and chronic kidney disease. Adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval was used to describe significant association. A p-value <0.05 was considered to declare an association between chronic kidney disease and independent variables. Results: Of 620 patients, 139 (22.4%; 95% confidence interval: 19.2, 25.6) and 61 (9.8%; 95% confidence interval: 7.4, 12.3) had chronic kidney disease using cut-off value of 90 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Having urinary tract obstruction (adjusted odds ratio = 2.32; 95% confidence interval: 1.32, 4.06), hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 4.06; 95% confidence interval: 2.50, 6.59), diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 2.80; 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 4.85), cardiovascular disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.60, 4.01), and age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.44, 3.57), family history of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.36, 3.75) were factors positively associated with having chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Nearly, one out of five and one out of ten patients who visited the renal unit had chronic kidney disease using the two thresholds as a cut value. Patients with concomitant urinary tract obstruction, age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and a family history of chronic kidney disease were more likely to develop chronic kidney disease. Regular screening for chronic kidney disease, optimal blood sugar, and blood pressure management should be practiced.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients visiting renal unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

et al. 2022

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“…However, there are still many gaps to be filled in the knowledge of the characteristics of Brazilian children with ESRD. The likely underdiagnosis of the causes of CKD, differences in access to healthcare and regional socioeconomic inequalities are the phenomena to be tackled by organs and health managers [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Chronic Dialysis in Brazil: Epidemiology and Regional Inequalities

et al. 2015

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IntroductionThere are few reports in the literature estimating the epidemiologic characteristics of pediatric chronic dialysis. These patients have impaired physical growth, high number of comorbidities and great need for continuous attention of specialized services with high demand for complex and costly procedures.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence rates and describe the characteristics of children and adolescents undergoing chronic dialysis treatment in a Brazilian demographic health survey.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in a representative sample of dialysis centers (nc = 239) that was established from the 2011 Brazilian Nephrology Society Census (Nc = 708). We collected data encompassing the five Brazilian macro-regions. We analyzed the data from all patients under 19 years of age. The sample population consisted of 643 children and adolescents who were on chronic dialysis program anytime in 2012. Data collection was carried out in the dialysis services by means of patients' records reviews and personal interviews with the centers’ leaders.ResultsWe estimated that there were a total of 1,283 pediatric patients on chronic dialysis treatment in Brazil, resulting in a prevalence of 20.0 cases per million age-related population (pmarp) (95% CI: 14.8–25.3) and an incidence of 6.6 cases pmarp in 2012 (95% CI: 4.8–8.4). The South region had the highest prevalence and incidence rates of patients under dialysis therapy, 27.7 (95% CI: 7.3–48.1) and 11.0 (95% CI: 2.8–19.3) cases pmarp, respectively; the lowest prevalence and incidence rates were found in the North-Midwest region, 13.8 (95% CI: 6.2–21.4), and in the Northeast region, 3.8 (95% CI: 1.4–6.3) cases pmarp, respectively.ConclusionBrazil has an overall low prevalence of children on chronic dialysis treatment, figuring near the rates from others countries with same socioeconomic profile. There are substantial differences among regions related to pediatric chronic dialysis treatment. Joint strategies aiming to reduce inequities and improving access to treatment and adequacy of services across the Brazilian regions are necessary to provide an appropriate care setting for this population group.

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“…At present, the burden and determinants of CKD have been thoroughly characterised only in high-income countries [8]. For example, in the United States (USA), there is an estimated national prevalence of CKD of 11.6% [9], although higher prevalence is observed in socio-economically disadvantaged subgroups [10,11]. Older age is the strongest predictor of CKD in the USA [12,13]; where, the prevalence of CKD in individuals over the age of 60 years is 20%, and 35% among those over 70 years [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altitude and regional gradients in chronic kidney disease prevalence in Costa Rica: Data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study

Harhay

Coto-Yglesias³

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summary Objectives Recent studies in Central America indicate that mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising rapidly. We sought to determine the prevalence and regional variation of CKD and the relationship of biologic and socioeconomic factors to CKD risk in the older-adult population of Costa Rica. Methods We used data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Health Aging Study (CRELES). The cohort was comprised of 2657 adults born before 1946 in Costa Rica, chosen through a sampling algorithm to represent the national population of Costa Ricans >60 years of age. Participants answered questionnaire data and completed laboratory testing. The primary outcome of this study was CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Results The estimated prevalence of CKD for older Costa Ricans was 20% (95% CI 18.5 – 21.9%). In multivariable logistic regression, older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.08 per year, 95%CI 1.07–1.10, p<0.001) was independently associated with CKD. For every 200 meters above sea level of residence, subjects’ odds of CKD increased 26% (aOR 1.26 95% CI 1.15–1.38, p<0.001). There was large regional variation in adjusted CKD prevalence, highest in Limon (40%, 95% CI 30%–50%) and Guanacaste (36%, 95% CI 26–46%) provinces. Regional and altitude effects remained robust after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Conclusions We observed large regional and altitude-related variations in CKD prevalence in Costa Rica, not explained by the distribution of traditional CKD risk factors. More studies are needed to explore the potential association of geographic and environmental exposures with the risk of CKD.

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Chronic kidney disease in disadvantaged populations

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients visiting renal unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among patients visiting renal unit of St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

Pediatric Chronic Dialysis in Brazil: Epidemiology and Regional Inequalities

Altitude and regional gradients in chronic kidney disease prevalence in Costa Rica: Data from the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study

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