Chronic Kidney Disease as a Cardiovascular Disorder—Tonometry Data Analyses

Abstract

Tonometry is commonly used to provide efficient and good diagnostics for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are many advantages of this method, including low cost, non-invasiveness and little time to perform. In this study, the effort was undertaken to check whether tonometry data hides valuable information associated with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment. For this purpose, six groups containing patients at different stages of CKD following different ways of dialysis treatment, as well as patients without CKD but with CVD and healthy volunteers were assessed. It was revealed that each of the studied groups had a unique profile. Only the type of dialysis was indistinguishable a from tonometric perspective (hemodialysis vs. peritoneal dialysis). Several techniques were used to build profiles that independently gave the same outcome: analysis of variance, network correlation structure analysis, multinomial logistic regression, and discrimination analysis. Moreover, to evaluate the classification potential of the discriminatory model, all mentioned techniques were later compared and treated as feature selection methods. Although the results are promising, it could be difficult to express differences as simple mathematical relations. This study shows that artificial intelligence can differentiate between different stages of CKD and patients without CKD. Potential future machine learning models will be able to determine kidney health with high accuracy and thereby classify patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05214872.

The role of dyslipidemia in atherogenesis in peritoneal dialysis patients

“…Patients with impaired renal function have significant changes in lipoprotein metabolism whose exact role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in these patients is still controversial. [ 20 ] No research has dealt with the issue of atherosclerosis in PD patients on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina thus far. The clinician's goal is to prevent the progression of the atherosclerotic process in patients with ESRD.…”

Pathomechanisms of Disturbances Underlying Chronic Disorders

“…It is known that CKD is a complex multifactorial disease. Hypertension, altered lipid metabolism, diabetes, insulin resistance, and smoking, by enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation, not only affect both the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems but also contribute to CKD progression [19]. Still, regardless of the primary cause of renal tissue damage, tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common pathomechanism, eventually leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).…”