Chronic Kidney Disease and Calciphylaxis: A Literature Review

Ahmed, Munis M; Zakir, Asma; Ahsraf, Muhammad Farhan; Ejaz, Amna; Ashraf, Aqsa; Namburu, Lalith; Farooqi, Muhammad Saad; Ahmed, Moeed; Raza, Ibrahim

doi:10.7759/cureus.3334

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Risk factors for calciphylaxis are kidney failure, obesity, female sex, white race, liver disease, elevated calcium-phosphorus products, medications (warfarin, systemic steroids, calcium binders, and vitamin D analogs), a hypercoagulable state, and hypoalbuminemia [1]. Warfarin is most frequently associated with the disease [3]. Moreover, calciphylaxis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with ulcerated lesions and multiple comorbidities, with a reported 1-year mortality of 30–80% [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calciphylaxis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum

Tangkham

Sangmala

Aiempanakit

et al. 2019

IDCases

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Calciphylaxis is a rare cutaneous disease that may cause fatal complications in patients on long-term dialysis. Early diagnosis and proper management decrease complications. However, it can mimic cutaneous infections, especially ecthyma gangrenosum and cutaneous vasculitis. The authors report on a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis for 10 years who developed painful skin necrosis on his right thigh. The tissue culture was positive for Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , but the histopathology was compatible with calciphylaxis. This report aims to further the knowledge of physicians in order to help them recognize calciphylaxis in CKD patients with painful necrotic ulcers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the diagnosis, proper management and treatment play vital roles in decreasing the suffering of the patient, avoiding further complications, and lowering the mortality rate to some degree [3]. Treatment should utilize a multi-disciplinary approach and include nephrologists, dermatologists, wound care specialists, and nutritionists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calciphylaxis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum

Tangkham

Sangmala

Aiempanakit

et al. 2019

IDCases

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“…Due to the technical advances in hemodialysis and the large number of patients that receive this treatment for long periods of time, the number of cases and risk of calciphylaxis has grown 3 . Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), also known as calciphylaxis, is a rare complication of CKD where there is occlusion of microvasculature with mural calcification of the arterioles, causing severe ischemia and necrosis of the tissue 4 . CUA is a major complication of CKD, which demands timely diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CUA is a major complication of CKD, which demands timely diagnosis. It carries a high risk of mortality and various complications 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Penile necrosis associated to paraphimosis with calciphylaxis due to terminal chronic kidney disease

Grandez-Urbina

Corrales-Acosta²,

Tejeda-Mariaca³

et al. 2019

F1000Res

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Background: Penile necrosis is a rare condition that may present in patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The recommended treatment is controversial. We report a case of penile necrosis in a diabetic patient caused by episode of paraphimosis associated with uremic arteriopathy treated with partial amputation. Clinical Case: A 53-year-old male with a background of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and CKD in hemodialysis. The patient presented with paraphimosis and glans necrosis. An emergency circumcision was carried out. A doppler ultrasound found fluid collection in the left corpus cavernosum, parietal vascular calcifications and vascular insufficiency in the corpus cavernosum that suggested necrosis. A partial amputation of the penis was carried out. After three years of follow-up, the outcome has remained favorable. Conclusions: Penile necrosis is a rare but serious complication of terminal CKD. In these patients, systemic calciphylaxis is usually observed. The main take-away lesson is that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

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Early onset calciphylaxis following acute kidney injury secondary to anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease

et al. 2021

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Calciphylaxis is commonly associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal transplant. We present a rare case of early onset calciphylaxis in a patient presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease. A 65-year-old obese Caucasian woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with a 1-month history of painless gross haematuria and worsening lower extremity oedema. Laboratory results indicated AKI and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Anti-glomerular antibodies were elevated. Renal biopsy revealed focal crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear capillary immunoglobulin G staining consistent with anti-GBM antibody disease. She was treated with haemodialysis, plasmapheresis, steroids, bumetanide and cyclophosphamide. Two months later, she developed necrotic lesions on bilateral thighs. Wound biopsy was consistent with calciphylaxis. This case highlights that calciphylaxis, usually seen in patients with chronic kidney disease or ESRD, can manifest in patients with AKI as well.

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Chronic Kidney Disease and Calciphylaxis: A Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Calciphylaxis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum

Calciphylaxis mimicking ecthyma gangrenosum

Case Report: Penile necrosis associated to paraphimosis with calciphylaxis due to terminal chronic kidney disease

Early onset calciphylaxis following acute kidney injury secondary to anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease

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