Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension are leading causes of chronic kidneydisease (CKD). There is limited data on frequency of retinopathy attributed to diabetes mellitusor hypertension in CKD patients in local population. Objective: to determine the frequency ofdiabetic and hypertensive retinopathy in patients with CKD not on hemodialysis or peritonealdialysis. Study Design: Cross Sectional. Setting: Nephorology ward at Sharif Medical CityHospital. Period: 6 Month. Methods: All patients between ages of 20-80 years with CKD notpreviously on renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) who were admittedto nephrology ward at tertiary care facility over a 6 month period were included. Fundoscopicexamination was performed by a qualified ophthalmologist after dilating pupils. Results: A totalof 124 patients were included in the study. Stage V CKD was present in 85.7%. Diabetes Mellituswas present in 84 patients (67.7%). Of these patients, 39 (46.4%) had diabetic retinopathy. Nonproliferativediabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema werefound in 27 (69.1%), 4 (10.2%) and 9 (23.1%) patients respectively. Hypertensive retinopathywas present in 51 (49.5%) out of 103 (83%) hypertensive patients. Of these patients, 16 (31.3%)had grade I, 21 (41.2%) had grade II, 11 (21.6%) had grade III and 3 (5.8%) had grade IVhypertensive retinopathy. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with advanced CKDhave retinopathy. Patients with CKD and diabetes or hypertension should be encouraged toundergo a complete eye examination