Chronic Intestinal Helminth Infections Are Associated with Immune Hyporesponsiveness and Induction of a Regulatory Network

Figueiredo, Camila A.; Barreto, Maurício L.; Rodrigues, Laura C.; Cooper, Philip J.; Silva, Nívea Bispo; Amorim, Leila Denise Alves Ferreira; Alcantara-Neves, Neuza Maria

doi:10.1128/iai.01228-09

Cited by 150 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…This immune behavior has also been observed in the farming communities versus populations of major cities as well as in developing versus industrialized countries [10][11][12][13]25,26]. Similar results were found in studies associating allergic diseases with socioeconomic levels in Germany [27] and Sweden [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

Bragagnoli

Silva

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Association between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and asthma is a controversial subject that has been studied by several authors based on the hygiene theory. This work contributes to better understanding this issue. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study involving 1,004 children from a neighborhood of low socioeconomic status in Campina Grande, Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Asthma was diagnosed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Intestinal parasitosis was diagnosed by parasitological examination (the Ritchie technique), and parasite load determined by the Kato-Katz technique. The statistical analysis was descriptive, and hypotheses were tested according to odds ratios. Results: A total of 260 children were infected with A. lumbricoides, and 233 had asthma. Light parasite loads were significantly associated with asthma (wheezing more than three times per year); p = 0.003, OR = 0.41(IC 0.22 -0.75), while the heavy parasite loads were not; p = 0.002, OR = 2.37(IC 1.35 -4.18). Similar results were observed in almost all the symptoms of asthma. No association was found with maternal educational level. Conclusion: In children living in urban areas of low socioeconomic status, a light parasite load of A. lumbricoides is a protective factor against asthma and its symptoms. Meanwhile, heavy parasite load is a risk factor and contributes to the high prevalence of asthma and its symptoms among these children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

Bragagnoli

Silva

2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Similar data have recently been reported for children chronically infected with Ascaris lumbricoides or Trichuris trichiura [31], and for experimental infection with human hookworm [32]. Likewise, mice responded to repeated infection with bird schistosome cercariae by a local production of IL-4 and IL-10, and skin-draining lymph nodes contained Th2 polarized lymphocytes [33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans in patients living in an endemic community in Brazil: Immunological patterns before and after ivermectin treatment

Shimogawara¹,

Hata²,

Schuster³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (Hr-CLM) is caused by animal hookworm larvae migrating in the human epidermis where they elicit an inflammatory response. This study describes the immunological profile in Hr-CLM patients.In 77 Hr-CLM patients from Manaus, Brazil, peripheral eosinophils were counted, and serum concentrations of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and selected cytokines were determined by ELISA before and after treatment with ivermectin. Controls included patients' household members (endemic controls), non-endemic Brazilian and Japanese individuals.Eosinophil counts and total IgE in Hr-CLM patients were higher than in controls and correlated with disease severity. Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 were higher in Hr-CLM patients than in endemic controls (p < 0.001) while no differences were detected for interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-2, or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Following ivermectin treatment, numbers of eosinophils and concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 decreased whereas IgE, IFN-γ, and TGF-β concentrations increased. The IL-5/IFN-γ ratio declined from 5.9 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.8-31.6) before to 0.1 (IQR 0.05-0.2; p = 0.001) after treatment.Thus, although an impact of other infections on the immune parameters determined cannot be excluded, Hr-CLM in endemic areas is associated with eosinophilia and elevated cytokine levels, particularly of IL-5 and IL-10, which decrease following ivermectin treatment.

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“…It is assumed that parasitic infections with a high total IgE may protect against allergens, by blocking mast cell response to an allergen, which is explained by a lower percentage of positive skin prick tests in people with infection [13]. Thus, the parasites can protect against allergies, especially among chronically infected patients by increasing the secretion of regulatory immunoreactive cytokines [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Alterations in Selected Haematological Parameters of Ascariasis Patients in Umudike, Abia Stae, Nigeria

Obeagu¹,

Obeagu²,

Chijioke³

et al. 2017

Ann Clin Lab Res

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Ascaris lumbricoides is the causative organism that causes ascariasis. Ascariasis is an intestinal infection that is becoming common in this part of the World due to poor sanitation. It is causing a lot of harm to our people who treat other things which may not be the real cause of their disease. The study was done to determine the alterations in haematological parameters. The study was done in a secondary health institution in Umudike. A total of sixty five (65) subjects were recruited for the study, thirty (30) subjects were ascariasis patients (Test) and thirty five (35) subjects were apparently healthy individuals (control). Venous EDTA anticoagulated blood was used for the haematological assays. The results were analysed with student t-test and significance level set at P<0.05. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in haemoglobin, PCV, RBC, WBC and neutrophil of the ascariasis subjects compared to the control and significant increase (P<0.05) in lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil. This shows that ascariasis infection leads to anaemia and leukopaenia. The immunity of the patients is challenged. Cytokines are secreted leading to inflammatory reaction and hypersentivity reactions. Proper treatment should be given to the affected patients immediately and should eat blood building foods such as vegetables.

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Chronic Intestinal Helminth Infections Are Associated with Immune Hyporesponsiveness and Induction of a Regulatory Network

Cited by 150 publications

References 33 publications

Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

Ascaris lumbricoides infection and parasite load are associated with asthma in children

Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans in patients living in an endemic community in Brazil: Immunological patterns before and after ivermectin treatment

Analysis of Alterations in Selected Haematological Parameters of Ascariasis Patients in Umudike, Abia Stae, Nigeria

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