Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response

Regidor, Pedro‐Antonio; Mueller, Anna; Sailer, Manuela; Santos, Fernando Gonzalez; Rizo, Jose Miguel; Egea, Fernando Moreno

doi:10.3390/ijms22010384

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…These pathologies are strongly interlinked with diet, and the positive impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) -rich diet on cardiovascular health is broadly accepted [33]. Both EPA and DHA show an anti-inflammatory effect, and in this context, their role as precursors for SPM biosynthesis has been discussed [34,35]. The crucial role of SPMs in such chronic inflammatory states has become evident throughout the past years, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are increasingly elucidated [12,39] For the DHA-derived SPM protectin PD 1 and its hydroxylated precursors, for example, a positive influence on the metabolism of fatty tissue was demonstrated, suggesting a potential role in the management of obesity [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCOS: A Chronic Disease that Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs)

Regidor¹,

Rosa²,

Mueller³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic disorder that affects 5-15 % of women of their reproductive age and is a frequent cause of infertility. Major symptoms include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, a characteristic multi-follicular morphology of the ovary, an elevated ratio of LH/FSH, and often obesity and/or insulin resistance. PCOS also represents a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is closely interlinked with the metabolic features. Inflammatory processes consist of the acute inflammatory response and resolution processes initiated concomitantly. "Classical" pro-inflammatory lipid mediators like prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT), or thromboxanes (TX) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and are crucial for the initial response. Resolution processes are driven by four families of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs): resolvins, maresins, lipoxins, and protectins. SPM biosynthesis starts from the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA, DPA, or EPA via certain hydroxylated intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA). The present study aimed to establish lipid mediator profiles of PCOS patients compared to healthy women to identify differences in their resolutive and pro-inflammatory lipid parameters. Material and Methods: Blood samples were taken (20 ml), separated into plasma and serum, and analyzed by HPLC/MS-QQQ. Fifteen female patients (18-45 years) were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, and five healthy women, as comparator group, were recruited for the study. The main outcome measures were: Pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PG, LT, TX) and their precursor AA; SPMs (Resolvins, Maresins, Protectins, Lipoxins), their precursors EPA, DHA, DPA, and their active biosynthesis pathway intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA). Ratio [(sum of pro-inflammatory molecules)/sum of SPMs]. Results: The level of pro-inflammatory parameters in serum was significantly higher in PCOS-affected women. The ratio [(sum of pro-inflammatory molecules) / (sum of SPMs plus hydroxylated intermediates)] reflecting the inflammatory state was significantly lower in the group of healthy women. Conclusion: There is a strong pro-inflammatory state in PCOS patients. Further research will clarify whether supplementation with SPMs or their precursors may improve this state.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCOS: A Chronic Disease that Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs)

Regidor¹,

Rosa²,

Mueller³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These pathologies are strongly interlinked with diet, and the positive impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) -rich diet on cardiovascular health is broadly accepted [33]. Both EPA and DHA show an anti-in ammatory effect, and in this context, their role as precursors for SPM biosynthesis has been discussed [34,35]. The crucial role of SPMs in such chronic in ammatory states has become evident throughout the past years, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are increasingly elucidated [12,39] For the DHA-derived SPM protectin PD 1 and its hydroxylated precursors, for example, a positive in uence on the metabolism of fatty tissue was demonstrated, suggesting a potential role in the management of obesity [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCOS: a Chronic Disease That Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs).

Regidor¹,

Rosa

Mueller³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinologic disorder that affects 5-15 % of women of their reproductive age and is a frequent cause of infertility. Major symptoms include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and often obesity and/or insulin resistance. PCOS also represents a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is closely interlinked with the metabolic features. "Classical" pro-inflammatory lipid mediators like prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT), or thromboxanes (TX) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and are crucial for the initial response. Resolution processes are driven by four families of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs): resolvins, maresins, lipoxins, and protectins. The study aimed to establish lipid mediator profiles of PCOS patients compared to healthy women to identify differences in their resolutive and pro-inflammatory lipid parameters. Material and Methods: Fifteen female patients (18-45 years) were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, and five healthy women, as comparator group, were recruited for the study. The main outcome measures were: Pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PG, LT, TX) and their precursor AA; SPMs (Resolvins, Maresins, Protectins, Lipoxins), their precursors EPA, DHA, DPA, and their active biosynthesis pathway intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA).Results: The level of pro-inflammatory parameters in serum was significantly higher in PCOS-affected women. The ratio [(sum of pro-inflammatory molecules) / (sum of SPMs plus hydroxylated intermediates)] reflecting the inflammatory state was significantly lower in the group of healthy women.Conclusion: There is a strong pro-inflammatory state in PCOS patients. Further research will clarify whether supplementation with SPMs or their precursors may improve this state.

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“…Other mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in PCOS women include inflammation [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ], aberrant secretion of adipocytokines [ 69 ], and the influence of genetic polymorphisms [ 70 ] on susceptibility for NAFLD development in PCOS women. Inflammation is linked to the pathogenesis of PCOS [ 65 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Nafld In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

et al. 2022

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Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women’s reproductive period of life. The presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD, one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the Western world, is increased in women with PCOS. This review aims to present current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of NAFLD in PCOS with an emphasis on the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Methods: Authors investigated the available data on PCOS and NAFLD by a MEDLINE and Pub Med search during the years 1990–2021 using a combination of keywords such as “PCOS”, “NAFLD”, “steatohepatitis”, “insulin resistance”, “hyperandrogenaemia”, “inflammation”, “adipose tissue”, and “obesity”. Peer-reviewed articles regarding NAFLD and PCOS were included in this manuscript. Additional articles were identified from the references of relevant papers. Results: PCOS and NAFLD are multifactorial diseases, The development of NAFLD in PCOS women is linked to insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation. There is the possible role of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endocannabinoid system in the maintenance of NAFLD in PCOS women. Conclusions: There is a need for further investigation about the mechanism of the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. New data about the molecular basis of development of NAFLD in PCOS integrated with epidemiological and clinical information could influence the evolution of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of NAFLD in PCOS.

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Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response

Cited by 42 publications

References 103 publications

PCOS: A Chronic Disease that Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs)

PCOS: A Chronic Disease that Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs)

PCOS: a Chronic Disease That Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs).

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

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