Chronic Inflammation in Mucosal Tissues: Barrier Integrity, Inducible Lymphoid Tissues, and Immune Surveillance

Chakraborty, Rajrupa; Lo, David

doi:10.1007/82_2020_208

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Besides their physical barrier function, epithelial cells play active and important roles in mucosal immune defense. They can function in immune surveillance by sensing dangerous pathogen components through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses by secreting cytokine and chemokine signals as a result of cell activation following receptor binding, to signal underlying mucosal immune cells, like dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages [ 42 , 43 , 109 , 119 ]. Some epithelial cells have specialized functions in immune sensing.…”

Section: The Mucosal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Song,

Mehl,

Zeichner

2024

Vaccines

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Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines of host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in host immune defense to provide durable and better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective mucosal vaccines to elicit robust localized and systemic immune responses by administration via mucosal routes. Mucosal vaccines that elicit effective immune responses yield protection superior to parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond their valuable immunogenicity, mucosal vaccines can be less expensive and easier to administer without a need for injection materials and more highly trained personnel. However, developing effective mucosal vaccines faces many challenges, and much effort has been directed at their development. In this article, we review the history of mucosal vaccine development and present an overview of mucosal compartment biology and the roles that mucosal immunity plays in defending against infection, knowledge that has helped inform mucosal vaccine development. We explore new progress in mucosal vaccine design and optimization and novel approaches created to improve the efficacy and safety of mucosal vaccines.

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Section: The Mucosal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Song,

Mehl,

Zeichner

2024

Vaccines

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“…Conversely, chronic inflammation may last months to years and is often dominated by hyperplasia lesions, characterized by macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration [ 63 ]. Once an organism senses infection or trauma, acute inflammation is triggered, becoming the key mechanism by which the innate immune system removes pathogens [ 64 ]. However, excessive immune system activation may result in cytokine storms, sepsis, and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction, the major cause of death in clinical emergencies [ 65 ].…”

Section: Cross-talk Between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development

Long

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have emphasized the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation in many pathological processes. Exposure to carcinogenic environmental hazards may lead to oxidative damage, which further stimulates the infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells. In turn, increased cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory cells promotes ROS production in chronic lesions, even in the absence of hazardous stimuli. Moreover, ROS not only cause DNA damage but also participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by modulating several transcription factors and signaling pathways. We summarize how changes in the redox state can trigger the development of chronic inflammatory lesions into tumors. Generally, cancer cells require an appropriate inflammatory microenvironment to support their growth, spread, and metastasis, and ROS may provide the necessary catalyst for inflammation-driven cancer. In conclusion, ROS bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and tumor development; therefore, targeting ROS and inflammation represents a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of cancer.

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“…On the contrary, chronic inflammation can last months to years and is often governed by hyperplasia lesions with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration. Upon infection or trauma, acute inflammation is induced, becoming the central mechanism, by which the innate immune system eliminates invading pathogens ( Chakraborty and Lo, 2020 ). However, excessive stimulation of immune system may result in cytokine storms, sepsis followed by multiple organ dysfunction, the major cause of hospital deaths ( Rostamtabar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases

Blagov,

Summerhill,

Sukhorukov

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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The excessive production of various reactive oxidant species over endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms leads to the development of a state of oxidative stress, with serious biological consequences. The consequences of oxidative stress depend on the balance between the generation of reactive oxidant species and the antioxidant defense and include oxidative damage of biomolecules, disruption of signal transduction, mutation, and cell apoptosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the physiopathology of various debilitating illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative processes, that need continuous pharmacological treatment. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are tightly linked pathophysiological processes, one of which can be simply promoted by another. Although, many antioxidant trials have been unsuccessful (some of the trials showed either no effect or even harmful effects) in human patients as a preventive or curative measure, targeting oxidative stress remains an interesting therapeutic approach for the development of new agents to design novel anti-inflammatory drugs with a reliable safety profile. In this regard, several natural antioxidant compounds were explored as potential therapeutic options for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Several metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, are among the essential enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the major redox signaling molecules, and thus play important roles in the alteration of the redox homeostasis. These enzymes have become a striking source of motivation to design catalytic drugs to enhance the action of these enzymes under pathological conditions related to chronic inflammation. This review is focused on several major representatives of natural and synthetic antioxidants as potential drug candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Chronic Inflammation in Mucosal Tissues: Barrier Integrity, Inducible Lymphoid Tissues, and Immune Surveillance

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development

Potential use of antioxidants for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases

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