Chronic inflammation and calciphylaxis

Abstract

Calciphylaxis also known as calcific uraemic arteriolopathy is a rare condition mostly seen in patients with end-stage kidney disease. We report a case of a simultaneous-kidney-pancreas transplant patient with functioning grafts developing biopsy-proven calciphylaxis in the setting of chronic inflammation. Despite several modalities of management, the patient developed progression of her disease leading to multiple amputations. This case illustrates chronic inflammation driven by persistent infection as a probable contributing factor to the development and progression of calciphylaxis in a simultaneous kidney-pancreas recipient. Calciphylaxis should be considered in the differential for a painful, non-healing ulcer even in the absence of common risk factors.

Early diagnosis strategy of calciphylaxis in dialysis patients

“…Laboratory tests should be performed when calciphylaxis is suspected. Although many factors affect the results of blood tests, its specificity in diagnosing calciphylaxis is not high, and it can be used to further evaluate potential risk factors or rule out other diseases with similar clinical manifestations [ 28 , 29 ] ( Table 1 ). For example, patients with calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders, especially hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, have an increased risk of calciphylaxis [ 12 ].…”