Chronic Hypoxia Stimulates Periarterial Sympathetic Nerve Development in Chicken Embryo

Ruijtenbeek, K.; Noble, F.A.C. le; Janssen, G. M. E.; Kessels, Carolina G. A.; Fazzi, Gregorio E.; Blanco, Carlos E.; Mey, Jo G. R. De

doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.23.2892

Cited by 116 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…When arterial endothelial cells from later stage embryos were dissociated from the vessel wall, these cells colonized both host arteries and veins. The responsible paracrine signaling pathways remain to be determined but could involve nerves since functional innervation of the arterial wall starts around that stage (43,44).…”

Section: Plasticity In the Embryonic Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Blood Vessel Structure? Genetic Prespecification vs. Hemodynamics

2006

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Vascular network remodeling, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis play an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Based on recent studies of vascular network development in the embryo, several novel aspects to angiogenesis have been identified as crucial to generate a functional vascular network. These aspects include specification of arterial and venous identity in vessels and network patterning. In early embryogenesis, vessel identity and positioning are genetically hardwired and involve neural guidance genes expressed in the vascular system. We demonstrated that, during later stages of embryogenesis, blood flow plays a crucial role in regulating vessel identity and network remodeling. The flow-evoked remodeling process is dynamic and involves a high degree of vessel plasticity. The open question in the field is how genetically predetermined processes in vessel identity and patterning balance with the contribution of blood flow in shaping a functional vascular architecture. Although blood flow is essential, it remains unclear to what extent flow is able to act on the developing cardiovascular system. There is significant evidence that mechanical forces created by flowing blood are biologically active within the embryo and that the level of mechanical forces and the type of flow patterns present in the embryo are able to affect gene expression. Here, we highlight the pivotal role for blood flow and physical forces in shaping the cardiovascular system.

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Section: Plasticity In the Embryonic Vasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

What Determines Blood Vessel Structure? Genetic Prespecification vs. Hemodynamics

2006

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“…The association between low birth weight and increased sympathetic activity in the overall sample is consistent with several experimental studies. 18,19 In addition, low birth weight is associated with high resting heart rate in adult life in middle-aged individuals. 20 A shorter pre-ejection period was strongly associated with higher systolic blood pressure in these twin subjects.…”

Section: Ijzerman Et Al Birth Weight and Sympathetic Activity 569mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Birth Weight Is Associated With Increased Sympathetic Activity

et al. 2003

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Background-Low birth weight may be associated with high blood pressure in later life through genetic factors, an association that may be explained by alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. We examined the association of birth weight with cardiac pre-ejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (indicators of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively) and with blood pressure in 53 dizygotic and 61 monozygotic adolescent twin pairs. Methods and Results-Birth weight of the twins was obtained from the mothers. Pre-ejection period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were measured with electrocardiography and impedance cardiography at rest, during a reaction time task, and during a mental arithmetic task. In the overall sample, lower birth weight was significantly associated with shorter pre-ejection period at rest, during the reaction time task, and during the mental arithmetic task (Pϭ0.0001, PϽ0.0001, and Pϭ0.0001, respectively) and with larger pre-ejection period reactivity to the stress tasks (Pϭ0.02 and Pϭ0.06, respectively). In within-pair analyses, differences in birth weight were associated with differences in pre-ejection period at rest and during both stress tasks in dizygotic twin pairs (Pϭ0.01, Pϭ0.06, and Pϭ0.2, respectively) but not in monozygotic twin pairs (Pϭ0.9, Pϭ1.0, and Pϭ0.5, respectively). Shorter pre-ejection period explained approximately 63% to 84% of the birth weight and blood pressure relation. Conclusions-Low birth weight is associated with increased sympathetic activity, and this explains a large part of the association between birth weight and blood pressure. In addition, our findings suggest that the association between birth weight and sympathetic activity depends on genetic factors. (Circulation. 2003;108:566-571.)

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“…21 Additionally, hypoxia during fetal development leads to increased sympathetic innervation. 22,23 However, no further assessment of the SNS in association with IUGR has been examined.Nutrient and oxygen supply limitations are the components of the intrauterine environment that limit fetal growth and result in small-for-gestational-age newborns. Because IUGR within the Western world is more likely the result of reduced uterine perfusion, 24 we have developed a model of fetal programming induced by placental insufficiency caused by hypoxia and fetal undernutrition.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…21 Additionally, hypoxia during fetal development leads to increased sympathetic innervation. 22,23 However, no further assessment of the SNS in association with IUGR has been examined.…”

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confidence: 99%

Renal Denervation Abolishes Hypertension in Low-Birth-Weight Offspring From Pregnant Rats With Reduced Uterine Perfusion

et al. 2005

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Abstract-Low birth weight is a risk factor for the subsequent development of hypertension in humans. We previously reported that reduced uterine perfusion in the pregnant rat results in growth-restricted offspring predisposed to the development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system plays a role in mediating hypertension in this model of low birth weight. Key Words: hypertension, pregnancy Ⅲ rats Ⅲ renal nerves Ⅲ denervation Ⅲ sympathetic nervous system H ypertension is a multifactorial disorder thought to result from both genetic and environmental factor interactions. Recent epidemiological studies 1,2 suggest that a predisposition for development of hypertension may be programmed by factors initiated in utero, 3 an observation supported by many animal studies. 4 -7 Fetal malnutrition limits fetal growth and results in small-for-gestational-age newborns. 8,9 Findings from both epidemiological and animal studies suggest that fetal malnutrition may also program or permanently alter fetal structure and physiology, resulting in an increased risk for development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 3,10 -12 However, the mechanisms mediating low birth weight (LBW) and hypertension remain to be elucidated.In humans, few studies have examined the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and LBW, and controversy exists with regards to whether LBW individuals are associated with increases [13][14][15] or decreases in sympathetic activity. 16 Evidence for alterations in the SNS is noted in some animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), because plasma levels of circulating catecholamines are increased. [17][18][19][20][21] This observation has been noted in growth-restricted offspring from pregnant rats fed a proteinrestricted diet during gestation, 17 in a naturally occurring model of IUGR using piglets, 18,19 and in a model of IUGR induced by placental insufficiency in the rat 20 and in sheep. 21 Additionally, hypoxia during fetal development leads to increased sympathetic innervation. 22,23 However, no further assessment of the SNS in association with IUGR has been examined.Nutrient and oxygen supply limitations are the components of the intrauterine environment that limit fetal growth and result in small-for-gestational-age newborns. Because IUGR within the Western world is more likely the result of reduced uterine perfusion, 24 we have developed a model of fetal programming induced by placental insufficiency caused by hypoxia and fetal undernutrition. 25 Using this model, we previously reported that reduced uterine perfusion initiated at day 14 of gestation in the rat results in growth-restricted offspring that are hypertensive as early as 4 weeks of age. 25 Furthermore, marked elevations in mean arterial pressure (MAP) remain evident in male growth-restricted offspring at 12 weeks of age. Because increased renal sympathetic nerve activity appears to be a causal mechanism in primary hypertension, 26 we determined the ro...

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Chronic Hypoxia Stimulates Periarterial Sympathetic Nerve Development in Chicken Embryo

Cited by 116 publications

References 42 publications

What Determines Blood Vessel Structure? Genetic Prespecification vs. Hemodynamics

What Determines Blood Vessel Structure? Genetic Prespecification vs. Hemodynamics

Low Birth Weight Is Associated With Increased Sympathetic Activity

Renal Denervation Abolishes Hypertension in Low-Birth-Weight Offspring From Pregnant Rats With Reduced Uterine Perfusion

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