Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis in voice professionals

Abstract

The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of various forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, which is referred to as precancerous conditions of the larynx, video laryngostroboscopy was performed in 249 patients. All patients have occupational hazards: increased voice load, smoking, working capacity in a hospital state during acute respiratory viral infections, laryngitis, bronchitis. In case of detection of areas of dyskeratosis of mucous membrane of vocal folds (leukoplacia, hyperkeratosis) biopsy followed by histological examination was carried out. The results of a histological study of leukoplakia showed the presence of metaplasia of stratified squamous epithelium in 100% of the examined. Among patients with vocal fold hyperkeratosis, metaplasia of stratified squamous epithelium was detected in 20,8%, grade II and III dysplasia – 15,1% of observations. 64,1% of patients were diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. The video laryngostroboscopic picture of the larynx in various forms of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis was studied. According to the results of the study, pathological changes in the mucosa of the vocal folds with possible malignation include hyperkeratosis. During video laryngostroboscopy, asymmetric, irregular, mucous waves oscillate in the hyperkeratosis area in 60,4% of patients, and in 39,6% of patients the absence of vibrations of the vocal fold in the area of hyperkeratosis is diagnosed.