Chronic Hepatitis C: Conspectus of immunological events in the course of fibrosis evolution

Baskić, Dejan; Vuković, Vuk R.; Popović, Suzana; Jovanović, Danijela; Mitrović, Slobodanka; Djurdjević, Predrag; Avramovic, Dusko; Arsovic, Aleksandra; Banković, Dragić; Cukic, Jelena; Mijailović, Željko

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219508

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…However, chronic inflammation due to antiviral immune response is still regarded as the most important driver of myofibroblast activation and ECM production in HCV infected patients [173]. Thus, immune response to HCV infection results in enhanced secretion of multiple growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines by Kupffer cells and lymphocytes [174,175]. Moreover, HCV replicating hepatocytes have been shown to secrete pro-fibrogenic cytokines [176].…”

Section: Chronic Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives

Roehlen

Crouchet

Baumert

2020

Cells

685

440

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Liver fibrosis due to viral or metabolic chronic liver diseases is a major challenge of global health. Correlating with liver disease progression, fibrosis is a key factor for liver disease outcome and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite different mechanism of primary liver injury and disease-specific cell responses, the progression of fibrotic liver disease follows shared patterns across the main liver disease etiologies. Scientific discoveries within the last decade have transformed the understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis. Removal or elimination of the causative agent such as control or cure of viral infection has shown that liver fibrosis is reversible. However, reversal often occurs too slowly or too infrequent to avoid life-threatening complications particularly in advanced fibrosis. Thus, there is a huge unmet medical need for anti-fibrotic therapies to prevent liver disease progression and HCC development. However, while many anti-fibrotic candidate agents have shown robust effects in experimental animal models, their anti-fibrotic effects in clinical trials have been limited or absent. Thus, no approved therapy exists for liver fibrosis. In this review we summarize cellular drivers and molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis in chronic liver diseases and discuss their impact for the development of urgently needed anti-fibrotic therapies.

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Section: Chronic Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives

Roehlen

Crouchet

Baumert

2020

Cells

685

440

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“…Due to their pleiotropic functions and properties within the immune system, DCs have been broadly studied in different experimental and internal medicine areas, including transplantation, allergy, autoimmunity, infectious diseases, cancer (20), and, more recently, fibrosis. Significant efforts have explored the fibrogenesis of different organs, including the liver, the kidney, and the heart (21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cells Are the Intriguing Players in the Puzzle of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis

et al. 2021

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most devastating progressive interstitial lung disease that remains refractory to treatment. Pathogenesis of IPF relies on the aberrant cross-talk between injured alveolar cells and myofibroblasts, which ultimately leads to an aberrant fibrous reaction. The contribution of the immune system to IPF remains not fully explored. Recent evidence suggests that both innate and adaptive immune responses may participate in the fibrotic process. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Also, they exert a crucial role in the immune surveillance of the lung, where they are strategically placed in the airway epithelium and interstitium. Immature DCs accumulate in the IPF lung close to areas of epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis. Conversely, mature DCs are concentrated in well-organized lymphoid follicles along with T and B cells and bronchoalveolar lavage of IPF patients. We have recently shown that all sub-types of peripheral blood DCs (including conventional and plasmacytoid DCs) are severely depleted in therapy naïve IPF patients. Also, the low frequency of conventional CD1c+ DCs is predictive of a worse prognosis. The purpose of this mini-review is to focus on the main evidence on DC involvement in IPF pathogenesis. Unanswered questions and opportunities for future research ranging from a better understanding of their contribution to diagnosis and prognosis to personalized DC-based therapies will be explored.

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“…Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is caused by an RNA virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family, and has six different genotypes [1]. After acute HCV infection, about 80% of patients develop a chronic, life-long disease [2]. Chronic HCV infection causes a chronic inflammatory state, with persistent viremia leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in 10-20% and liver cancer in 1-5% of patients after 20-30 years [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir - A Promising Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Ahmed¹,

Kareem²,

Venkatesan³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide and has an enormous global public health impact. Chronic HCV is a long-term infection that goes unnoticed until the virus destroys the liver enough to induce liver disease symptoms. The inadequate and poorly tolerated treatment contributes to the burden of chronic HCV. Treatments have improved over time -direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that targeted different hepatitis C virus genomic sites have shown to be more effective and welltolerated. Patients recover to a greater extent following a treatment regimen based on DAAs. We conducted this literature review to investigate the effectiveness of these medications in treating chronic HCV infection. Relevant articles were identified by searching PubMed and Google scholar databases. Our primary goal was to analyze the efficacy and safety of the DAA, sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir, with or without ribavirin, in cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic, naïve or previously treated, chronic HCV patients. We found that treating patients with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir for 12 weeks was highly effective with fewer adverse events, including those with compensated cirrhosis. The outcomes aided in improving HCV treatment, lowering the disease's burden and fatality rate.

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Chronic Hepatitis C: Conspectus of immunological events in the course of fibrosis evolution

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives

Liver Fibrosis: Mechanistic Concepts and Therapeutic Perspectives

Dendritic Cells Are the Intriguing Players in the Puzzle of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir - A Promising Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

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